Exam 3 – Practice QuestionsThis practice exam is NOT an exhaustive review of the material that will be covered on the exam. It is intended to supplement your studying.1. A researcher conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of noise on the performance of employees in a manufacturing plant. In this study, the independent variable is a. noiseb. work performancec. the employeesd. the manufacturing plant2. A question that asks participants to rate the independent variable is a(n) a. dependent variableb. manipulation checkc. instructional manipulationd. confound3. To guard against order effects, researchers use a. matched random assignmentb. carry-over effectsc. counterbalancingd. experimental control4. The degree to which a researcher draws accurate conclusion about the effects of an independent variable refers to a study’s a. internal validityb. generalizabilityc. reliabilityd. external validity5. The simplest possible experimental designa. has one conditionb. has two conditionsc. uses random assignmentd. has two independent variables 6. Which of the following is an advantage of repeated measures over randomized groups design?a. order effects are possibleb. the experimental groups are likely to be more randomc. fewer participants are neededd. fewer experimental conditions are needed7. An experiment with two independent variables, each of which has three levels would be indicated as a _______ designa. 3 x 3b. 2 x 2 x 2c. 1 x 2d. 2 x 38. How many interactions are tested in a 2 x 2 x 2 design? a. oneb. threec. fourd. six9. A researcher hypothesizes that babies will fall asleep more quickly if they can hear the sound of a recorded heartbeat. The null hypothesis for this study is that a. babies who hear a heartbeat will not fall asleepb. babies who hear a heartbeat will fall asleep more slowly than those who don’t hear a heartbeatc. babies who hear a heartbeat will fall asleep more quickly than those who don’t hear a heartbeatd. babies who hear a heartbeat will fall sleep just as quickly as those who don’t hear a heartbeat10. The probability that a researcher is willing to make a Type I error is a. the alpha levelb. the calculated value of tc. betad. the power level11. An effect size of .40 indicates that a. the chance of making a Type II error is .40b. 40% of the variability in the DV is due to the IVc. power is lowd. the alpha level is .6012. If the calculated value of t exceeds the critical value of t, a. the difference between the means is due to error variance aloneb. the difference between the means is due to systematic variance alone c. the difference between the means is due to more than error varianced. the difference between the means is due to confound variance13. During an experiment to test anxiety levels in participants, the thermostat in the room was broken causing the temperature to be very cold. What type of independent variable would this be?a. Situationalb. Invasivec. Qualitatived. Instructional 14. How many conditions are there in a 3x3x2 factorial design?a. 4 conditionsb. 9 conditionsc. 18 conditionsd. 12 conditions15. A one-way design has 5 levels. What type of statistical test should be used?a. ANOVAb. Post Hoc Testc. T – testd. Between-Groups test16. What is it called when you measure the DV before administering the IV and then you measure the DV following the IV?a. A complete experimental testb. Pretest-Posttest Designc. Posttest Designd. A hypothesis17. What is another name for Repeated Measures Design?a. Between-subjects designb. Repetitive measures designc. Within-subjects designd. Expericorr designs 18. A type I error isa. When you fail to reject the null hypothesis correctlyb. When you fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually wrongc. When you reject the null hypothesis correctlyd. When you reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true19. What type of relationship is between Type I and Type II errors?a. Inverseb. Symmetricc. Lineard. Correlational20. The equation for power isa. Power =  - b. Power = 1 - c. Power = 1 – βd. None are the correct equation21. Which of the following statements about a pilot test is incorrect?a. This IV check saves time, money, and energyb. Used to test the manipulation before conducting the experimentc. Tests manipulation during the experimentd. All of the above are correct22. The portion of total variance that is due to the independent variable is referred to as:a. Error varianceb. Confound variancec. Systematic varianced. Treatment variance23. An expericorr factorial design isa. Short for experimental-correlationalb. A combination of an experimental design in which IVs are manipulated and a correlational design in which participant variables are measuredc. Used to investigate the generality of an independent variable’s effectd. All of the above24. A study where the experimental condition has been concealed from both the participant and researchers directly involved with the participant is called aa. Concealment procedureb. Double-blind procedurec. Control procedured. Placebo procedure25. Power is largely determined by which of the following factors?a. Number of participants in the studyb. Number of conditionsc. Effect sized. Alpha level26. A hypothesis that states the means are significantly different is called a(n) a. Null hypothesisb. True hypothesisc. Alternative hypothesisd. Directional hypothesisShort Answer1) A physiological psychologist designed a very complex experiment on the relationship betweenmood and the startle response. Because of the complexity of the design, she decided to use three experimenters, each of whom was carefully trained regarding the procedures for one of the three experimental conditions in the design. Forty-five participants were randomly assigned to each of the three conditions, and the order in which the three experimenters collected data on the 15 participants in their condition was randomized. What is the confound, and why is it problematic?2) What are some advantages and disadvantages of pretest-posttest designs compared to posttest only designs?3) When would you use a paired t-test, and how is it different than a regular t-test?4) What are the three types of independent variables and give an example of each.5) What are the five steps to a t-test? Which step is when you either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? 6) What are the four disadvantages of a repeated measures design? Explain each.7) Describe the two