CISC181 Introduction to Computer Science Dr. McCoy Lecture 11 October 5, 20094.1 Introduction4.2 ArraysSlide 4Slide 54.3 Declaring ArraysAn Array in Memory4.4 Examples Using Arraysfig04_03.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_03.cpp (2 of 2) fig04_03.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_04.cpp (1 of 1)fig04_04.cpp output (1 of 1)Initializing an ArraySlide 14fig04_05.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_05.cpp (2 of 2) fig04_05.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_06.cpp (1 of 1) fig04_06.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_07.cpp (1 of 1) fig04_07.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_08.cpp (1 of 1) fig04_08.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_09.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_09.cpp (2 of 2) fig04_09.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_10.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_11.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_11.cpp (2 of 2)fig04_11.cpp output (1 of 1)4.5 Passing Arrays to FunctionsSlide 27Slide 28fig04_14.cpp (1 of 3)fig04_14.cpp (2 of 3)fig04_14.cpp (3 of 3)fig04_14.cpp output (1 of 1)fig04_15.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_15.cpp (2 of 2) fig04_15.cpp output (1 of 1)Storing Strings in Character ArraysStrings in Character ArraysSlide 37Reading Character StringsSlide 39fig04_12.cpp (1 of 2)fig04_12.cpp (2 of 2) fig04_12.cpp output (1 of 1)1CISC181 Introduction to Computer ScienceDr. McCoyLecture 11October 5, 2009 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.24.1 Introduction•Arrays–Structures of related data items–Static entity (same size throughout program)•A few types –Pointer-based arrays (C-like)–Arrays as objects (C++) 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.34.2 Arrays•Array–Consecutive group of memory locations –Same name and type (int, char, etc.)•To refer to an element–Specify array name and position number (index)–Format: arrayname[ position number ]–First element at position 0•N-element array cc[ 0 ], c[ 1 ] … c[ n - 1 ]–Nth element as position N-1 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.44.2 Arrays•Array elements like other variables–Assignment, printing for an integer array cc[ 0 ] = 3;cout << c[ 0 ];•Can perform operations inside subscriptc[ 5 – 2 ] same as c[3] 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.54.2 Arraysc[6]-4560721543-89062-31645378Name of array (Note that all elements of this array have the same name, c)c[0]c[1]c[2]c[3]c[11]c[10]c[9]c[8]c[7]c[5]c[4]Position number of the element within array c 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.64.3 Declaring Arrays•When declaring arrays, specify–Name–Type of array•Any data type–Number of elements–type arrayName[ arraySize ];int c[ 10 ]; // array of 10 integersfloat d[ 3284 ]; // array of 3284 floats•Declaring multiple arrays of same type–Use comma separated list, like regular variablesint b[ 100 ], x[ 27 ];An Array in Memory5-7Copyright © 2010 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.84.4 Examples Using Arrays•Initializing arrays –For loop•Set each element–Initializer list•Specify each element when array declaredint n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; •If not enough initializers, rightmost elements 0•If too many syntax error–To set every element to same valueint n[ 5 ] = { 0 };–If array size omitted, initializers determine sizeint n[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; •5 initializers, therefore 5 element array 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.All rights reserved.Outline9fig04_03.cpp(1 of 2)1 // Fig. 4.3: fig04_03.cpp2 // Initializing an array.3 #include <iostream>4 5 using std::cout;6 using std::endl;7 8 #include <iomanip>9 10 using std::setw;11 12 int main()13 {14 int n[ 10 ]; // n is an array of 10 integers15 16 // initialize elements of array n to 0 17 for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) 18 n[ i ] = 0; // set element at location i to 019 20 cout << "Element" << setw( 13 ) << "Value" << endl;21 22 // output contents of array n in tabular format 23 for ( int j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) 24 cout << setw( 7 ) << j << setw( 13 ) << n[ j ] << endl;25 Declare a 10-element array of integers.Initialize array to 0 using a for loop. Note that the array has elements n[0] to n[9]. 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.All rights reserved.Outline10fig04_03.cpp(2 of 2)fig04_03.cppoutput (1 of 1)26 return 0; // indicates successful termination27 28 } // end mainElement Value 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.All rights reserved.Outline11fig04_04.cpp(1 of 1)1 // Fig. 4.4: fig04_04.cpp2 // Initializing an array with a declaration.3 #include <iostream>4 5 using std::cout;6 using std::endl;7 8 #include <iomanip>9 10 using std::setw;11 12 int main()13 {14 // use initializer list to initialize array n 15 int n[ 10 ] = { 32, 27, 64, 18, 95, 14, 90, 70, 60, 37 };16 17 cout << "Element" << setw( 13 ) << "Value" << endl;18 19 // output contents of array n in tabular format20 for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )21 cout << setw( 7 ) << i << setw( 13 ) << n[ i ] << endl;22 23 return 0; // indicates successful termination24 25 } // end mainNote the use of the initializer list. 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.All rights reserved.Outline12fig04_04.cppoutput (1 of 1)Element Value 0 32 1 27 2 64 3 18 4 95 5 14 6 90 7 70 8 60 9 3713Initializing an Array•Write a program that initializes a 20 integer array to 0’s. It then reads in an arbitrary number of elements (less than 20), and stores them in the array. The end of reading is indicated by -9999. Print out the contents of the array numbers read in. 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.144.4 Examples Using Arrays•Array size–Can be specified with constant variable (const)•const int size = 20;–Constants cannot be changed–Constants must be initialized when declared–Also called named constants or read-only variables 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.All rights reserved.Outline15fig04_05.cpp(1 of 2)1 // Fig. 4.5: fig04_05.cpp2 // Initialize array s to the even integers from 2 to 20.3 #include <iostream>4 5 using std::cout;6 using