BISC 421 Hirsch Judith 2012 Fall Week 5 Lecture 14 September 28 Announcements Readings Ch 1 Outline of Today s Lecture I Organization of the Nervous System Brain Structure Today s Lecture Brain Structure Slide 1 You need a reference frame to navigate globe This reference frame was the stars in the sky back in the day In more modern times we use compasses Need to learn foundational principles first These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Slide 2 A 1 B 0 0 1 2 30 4 0 1 5 34 67 0 1 8 79 0 1 8 C 0 0 1 0 D 0 1 0 0 7 30 0 4 directions rostal towards the nose caudal towards the rear ventral belly bottom dorsal back top we are bilaterian we are parallel along one axis Slide 3 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 3 4 0 4 5 0 65 3 7 8 569 0 18 2 0 3 1 2 5 3 1 0532 2 parts CNS cerebrum cerebellum brainstem and spinal cord PNS somatic and visceral Slide 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 8 01 Cerebral cortex evolutionarily new Ventral view old stuff olfactory nerves Slide 5 8 1 37 370 3 E 7 22 0 3 0 1 0 1 2 3 14 5 6 3 3 1 3 7 1 3 3 2 4 01 2 3 8 9 3 3 7 722 1 2 37 4 4 5 6 1 271 8 3 17 1 2 7 A 14 B C 1 3 17 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 1 D 7 3 1 2 9 1 3E 2 F7 14 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 0 4 DH 2 9 1 2 F7 1 G4 3 3 3 1 1 Nature has come up with a way to make a helmet for your brain aka skull Everyone has a custom made cranium Unique Dura mater leathery membrane Pia Mater vascularized thin film to nourish brain Arachnoid in between pia and dura spidery network of vessels Stretched out and below it is the subarachnoid space where the cerebral fluid is reaching interior parts of the brain through ventricles Slide 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 41 6 7 34 0 2 34 205 0 4 7 34 90 5 0 6 87 1 87 1 2 58 1 8 9 64 78 9 3 4 78 1 30 5 0 1 Can subdivide the CNS by embryology Three divisions front middle and back And spinal cord Don t need to memorize this diagram but know the basics Slide 7 C 4 D 4 5 5 05 9 D E F 0 1 2 3 040 4 0 5 5 2 5 678 0 3 9 0 5 2 5 6 0 01 40 7 1 35 9 5 6 0 0 9 4 6 2 1 7 2 3 0 5 5 5 1 0 0 7 A 2 5 6 3 5 6 5 05 6 5 67 34 5 65 5 7 5 3 0 1 7 31 7 3 5 B 4 4 0 5 1 2 0 5 7 Straight forward know these terms 2 4 Slide 8 01 2 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 These are the fissures that divide up the lobes Know the names Lateral view Slide 9 0 1 20 3 4 0 1 4 567 2 10 2 0 0 0 3 0 2 2 Same thing but medial view Red forebrain Green hindbrain Corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres 0 3 Slide 10 2 4 1 3 0 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 22 3 0 45 2 6 783 9 0 1 2 3 0 31 4 5 6 0 31 25 1 1 4 1 3 1 22 3 3 2 83 1 3 2 83 1 1 3 3 3 3 A 5 B 4 4 C 1 D A 4 E 22 4 3 D 4 43 1 12 5 2 C 22D Just know the above terms Slide 11 0 0 1 23 0 4 35 6 Slide 12 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 7 173 899 9 9 9 1 9 9 2 1 A 1 1 3 0 0 173 899 9 9 91 9 1 There are 3 planes that brains can be cut 1 Coronal like a crown grey matter is purple 2 Horizontal 3 Sagittal down the midline Slide 13 6 31 789 8 8 0 1 1 2 3 44 15 0 1 1 2 3 44 15 5 5 5 0 5 A 0 1B 05 7C B D E F 3 4 1 G 1 1 7 E 1 7 1 3 5 7 HB5 B D C 1 3 1 531 1 F 1B B5A C I DB 3B 3B B 5 J5 3 1 0 D DB 1 1 1 2 3 5 F 5 1 1B 3 3 41 F 3 1 1 E 1 1B C Horsley came up with stereotaxic apparatus which uses grooves and landmarks to navigate the brain still used today Developed a coordinate system 3 planes Can look up in this atlas to find coordinates and you can use the apparatus to find it Slide 14 0 1 11 0 2 03 4 1 52 6 7 1 8 6 2 2 9 7 52 2 0 1 0 0 13 4 2 2 A 5 6 2 B 2 8 C 8 7 D 41 8 83 E F GHGGIJKKL A 1 6 F 71 1 Can also use MRI to target the specific places in the brain Slide 16 0123 242 5 678 9 9 A B C D A E 8 E 9B A A C Slide 17 387 5 V 6 W 8X O 7 0 YZ O 7 O 7 H 85 72 2 5I 3 6 381 5 23 1 52 J 8 72 7 4 9 0 1 7 87 23 8 14 4 8 5 2 385 87K I 758 23 3 76 87 385 187 5 1 L 23 2 23 7 2 68 381 385 4 6 87 85 MN I 8 72I 87 6876 2 O1 5 87 23 6 55 52 4 0 782 P 38 3 5 7 2 4 8 5 385 52 1QI 1 780 5O76 9 2 8R 0 7 0 385 0 5I 814 O 72 0 52 872 8 3 7 82 7S8 25 823 385 58 5I 2 O1 5 4 O7 8 5 95O7 2 I 2 4 8 8 5 7 8 O76I 85876 1 7 4 75 0 0 2 4 O 7I 38 3 7 5 7 76 23 7 23 9 7 7 87 2 7 0 23 5 44 876 1 0 589 T7 2385 …
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