Method: acceptability judgmentEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)center-embeddingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)a. the reporter disliked the editorcenter-embeddingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)a. the reporter disliked the editorb. the reporter who the senator attacked disliked the editorcenter-embeddingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)a. the reporter disliked the editorb. the reporter who the senator attacked disliked the editorc.#the reporter who the senator who John met attacked disliked the editorcenter-embeddingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)center-embedding(1) English center embedding with RCsa. The patient [the nurse likes] was discharged yesterdayb. # The patient [the nurse [the surgeon trusted] liked] was discharged yesterday(2) English right-branching with CP-verbsa. The nurse thought that the patient had been dischargedb. The nurse thought [that the patient believed [that the surgeon was incompetent] ]Easy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)center-embeddingTopTopic markerNomNominative case marker(3) Korean (CP-taking)a. na-numI-Top[Chelswu-ka[Chelswu-Nomwulkicrysicakhayss-tako]started -that]mitnuntabelieve“I believe that Chelswu started to cry”b. Sunhi-nunSunhi-Top[Chelswu-ka[Chelswu-Nom[Yenghi-ka[Yenghi-Nomuless-ako]cried-that]malhayss-tako]said -that]mitnuntabelieve s“Sunhi believes that Chelswu said that Yenghi cried.”c. # Minca-nunMinca-Top[Sunhi-ka[Sunhi-Nom[Chelswu-ka[Chelswu-Nom[Yenghi-ka[Yengi-Nomuless-tako]cried-that]malhayss-tako]said -that]sayngkakhan-tako]thinks -that]mitnun-tabelieve s“Minca believes that Sunhi thinks that Chelswu said that Yenghi cried.”Method: self-paced readingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)subject vs. object-extracted relativesEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)1.the reporter who t sent the photographer to the editor hoped for a storysubject vs. object-extracted relativesEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)1.the reporter who t sent the photographer to the editor hoped for a story2.the reporter who the photographer sent t to the editor hoped for a storysubject vs. object-extracted relativesSelf-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----The -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- reporter --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- who ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- sent --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- the ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- photographer -- --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ to --- ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- the ------ ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- editor ----- --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ hoped --- - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- for - -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- a -----Self-paced reading--- -------- --- ---- --- ------------ -- --- ------ ----- --- - storySelf-paced readingthereporterwho sent thephotographerto the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecsubject!relativethereporterwho thephotographersent to the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecobject!relativethereporterwho sent thephotographerto the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecsubject!relativethereporterwho thephotographersent to the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecobject!relativesubject vs.object-extracted relativesthereporterwho sent thephotographerto the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecsubject!relativethereporterwho thephotographersent to the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecobject!relativesubject vs.object-extracted relatives•a bump when subcat frame of send is saturatedthereporterwho sent thephotographerto the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecsubject!relativethereporterwho thephotographersent to the editorhoped for a goodstory100200300400500msecobject!relativesubject vs.object-extracted relatives•a bump when subcat frame of send is saturated•a bump on embedded Vsend in Obj-extracted onlyEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)1.the reporter who t sent the photographer to the editor hoped for a story2.the reporter who the photographer sent t to the editor hoped for a storysubject vs. object-extracted relativesshort!long!subject vs. object-extracted relatives:interaction with memory abilityMethod: eye-trackingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)center-embeddingNomNominative case markerAccAccusative case marker(4) Japanese center embedding with RCsa. Hiroshi-gaHiroshi-Nom[Masao-gaMasao-Nomkatta]bought]pan-obread-Acctabetaate“Hiroshi ate the bread Masao bought”b. # Yoko-gaYoko-Nom[Hiromi-gaHiromi-Nom[Asako-gaAsako-Nomkaita]wrotegenkoo-odraft-Acckakinaoshita]rewrotesyorui-opaper-Accyondaread“Yoko read the papers that Hiromi rewrote based on the draft Asako wrote”eye-trackingEasy vs. difficult sentences(that are all grammatical)center-embeddingin Japanese(4) Japanese center embedding with RCsa. Hiroshi-gaHiroshi-Nom[Masao-gaMasao-Nomkatta]bought]pan-obread-Acctabetaate“Hiroshi ate the bread Masao bought”b. # Yoko-gaYoko-Nom[Hiromi-gaHiromi-Nom[Asako-gaAsako-Nomkaita]wrotegenkoo-odraft-Acckakinaoshita]rewrotesyorui-opaper-Accyondaread“Yoko read the papers that Hiromi rewrote based on the draft Asako wrote”Method: event-related potentialsAveragingN400P600event-related