Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11What do we use the fossil record for?3. Interpreting past environmentshttp://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/Coal/coal_brochure/images/fig1_swamp.jpghttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/coral/images/coral_reef_1.jpghttp://www.geology.ohio-state.edu/~vonfrese/gs100/lect29/xfig29_02.jpgAt any one time different sediments typesare being deposited in different places.No one environment stretches indefinitelyfar in any direction.http://strata.geol.sc.edu/Bahamas/images/040-Heirarchy-of-Facies.jpghttp://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/SedRx/carbdepoenvir.htmlhttp://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/SedRx/meanderriver.htmlFacies = all of the characteristics of a particular rock unit. The characteristics of the rock unit come from the depositional environment. Every depositional environment puts its own distinctive imprint on the sediment, making a particular facies. Thus, a facies is a distinct kind of rock for that area or environment.http://gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/facies.htmA = Sandstone facies (beach environment)B = Shale facies (offshore marine environment)C = Limestone facies (far from sources of terrigenous input) Each depositional environment grades laterally into other environments. http://gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/facies.htmhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/legacy/college/levin/0470000201/chap_tutorial/ch12/images/le03_42.jpgOnlap (Transgressive) SequencesShifting Facies through TimeBeach moves farther awayWater gets deeperSediment becomes finerTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTransgressionTime Transgressive UnitBeachsandstoneNear ShelfshaleFar ShelflimestoneFUS – Fining Upward Sequence= Transgressive SequenceOfflap (Regressive) SequencesShifting Facies through TimeBeachsandstoneNear ShelfshaleFar ShelflimestoneBeach moves closerWater gets shallowerSediment gets coarserPrograding RegressionTime Transgressive Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitTime Rock UnitCUS – Coarsening Upward Sequence= Regressive SequenceTransgressive SequenceRegressive SequenceBeachsandstoneNear ShelfshaleFar ShelflimestoneBeach moves closerWater gets shallowerSediment gets coarserPrograding RegressionTime Transgressive Rock UnitBeach moves farther awayWater gets deeperSediment becomes finerTransgressionBeachsandstoneNear ShelfshaleFar ShelflimestoneWalther's Law = sedimentary environments that started out side-by-side will end up overlapping one another over time due to transgressions and regressions. The result is a vertical sequence of beds. The vertical sequence of facies Represents former adjacent depositional environments.http://gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/facies.htmWhich sequence of rock layers represents a