Exploring Earth’s ResourcesLearning from Fossils Sharon Katz CooperTitle page still to be desgined to follow coverWhat are fossils? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4How are fossils formed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Are these different types of fossils? . . . . . . 8Where are fossils found?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Who studies fossils? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14How do scientists collect fossils? . . . . . . . 16What can we learn from fossils?. . . . . . . 18Fossil quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 www.raintreepublishers.co.uk Visit our website to find out more information about Raintree books.To order:Phone 44 (0) 1865 888112Send a fax to 44 (0) 1865 314091Visit the Raintree Bookshop at www.raintreepublishers.co.uk to browse our catalogue and order online.First published in Great Britain by Raintree, Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ, part of Harcourt Education.Raintree is a registered trademark of Harcourt Education Ltd. © Harcourt Education Ltd 2006First published in paperback in 2007The moral right of the proprietor has been asserted.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP (www.cla.co.uk).Editorial: Design: Michelle LisseterPicture Research: Erica NewberyProduction: Originated by Modern AgePrinted and bound in Hong Kong, China by South China Printing Company10 digit ISBN (hardback)13 digit ISBN 10 09 08 07 06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 110 digit ISBN (paperback)13 digit ISBN 11 10 09 08 0710 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.AcknowledgementsThe publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Cover photograph reproduced with permission of Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders of any material reproduced in this book. Any omissions will be rectified in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publishers.(2:ContentsSome words are shown in bold, like this.You can find them in the glossary on page 23.What are fossils?Fossils are all that is left of plants and animals that lived a very long time ago.Dinosaur bones are fossils.4These footprints are also fossils.Dinosaurs left them behind.5Fossils are formed when animals die and are buried in mud.Some fossils are formed when an animal leaves a footprint in mud.6Over a very long time, the mud becomes rock.The animal’s bones, or footprints, turn into rocks. These rocks are fossils.7How are fossils formed?Artwork to be doneAre there different types of fossils?There are fossils of thousands of different plants and animals.Some are huge, like this Apatosaurus leg bone.89Other fossils are tiny. We need a microscope to see them.This animal was about the size of the full stop at the end of this sentence.Where are fossils found?Fossils are often found inside layers of rock.They are found all around the world.10Many fossils are found in cliffs. These cliffs were underwater a long time ago. The fossils are the remains of sea creatures.11cliffFossils are also found at the bottom of the ocean.This ship drills down into the rock at the bottom of the ocean.12It brings up pieces of ancient mud.This mud holds thousands of tiny fossils.13lowresWho studies fossils?These scientists find and study fossils.They are called paleontologists.14Geologists study rocks.They help paleontologists find places to look for fossils.15lowreslowresHow do scientists collect fossils?Paleontologists use large tools to remove heavy rocks.They use small hand tools to dig around a fossil.16They are careful not to break the fossil.The fossil is wrapped up. It is taken to a laboratory to be studied.17What can we learn from fossils?Fossils can tell us about animals that no longer live on Earth. These dinosaur egg fossils can tell us how they had babies.18Fossils can tell us what extinct plants and animals looked like.This dinosaur must have had feathers.19Fossils help us find out what happened in the past.Scientists think a large asteroid hit Earth 65 million years ago.20This asteroid caused dinosaurs and other animals to become extinct.Scientists learned this from studying tiny fossils.212322Fossil quizGlossaryasteroid ??There are many different kinds of fossils. Which of these photos show a fossil? (Answer on page 24.)extinct ??geologist ??laboratory a gas we need to breathepaleontologist a scientist who find and studies fossilsmicroscope ??EN – Should there be 4 images as per log sheet? DN – Answers text needed? MLAC DB24Index www.raintreepublishers.co.uk Visit our website to find out more information about Raintree books.To order:Phone 44 (0) 1865 888112Send a fax to 44 (0) 1865 314091Visit the Raintree Bookshop at www.raintreepublishers.co.uk to browse our catalogue and order online.First published in Great Britain by Raintree, Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ, part of Harcourt Education.Raintree is a registered trademark of Harcourt Education Ltd. © Harcourt Education Ltd 2006First published in paperback in 2007The moral right of the proprietor has been asserted.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP (www.cla.co.uk).Editorial: Design: Michelle LisseterPicture Research: Erica NewberyProduction: Originated by Modern AgePrinted and bound in Hong Kong, China by South China Printing Company10 digit ISBN13 digit ISBN 11 10 09 08 0710 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA full catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.AcknowledgementsThe publishers would like to thank the