GROUP 1 LECTURE PRESENTATION The History of DesignWhat we will cover:Five Principles of DesignSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Early Human Design: ToolsSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Early Human Design: Egyptian PyramidsSlide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Early Human Design: Egyptian Wood WorkEarly Human Design: Rome and GreeceSlide 27SummaryDesign from Rome to RenaissanceSlide 30RenaissanceIndustrial Revolution 1650 to 1900Industrial Revolution 1650 to 1900Slide 34Slide 352nd Industrial Revolution 1900 to 19602nd Industrial Revolution 1900 to 1960Slide 38Slide 39Information Revolution 1960 to presentSlide 41Slide 42SummaryWhy Do We Study History?Topics of DiscussionCatastropheSupport Rod DesignDeformed 4th floor box beam3rd Floor Rod and Crossbeam Assembly and 4th Floor BeamWho Was Responsible?ConclusionReferences :ReferencesSlide 54GROUP 1 LECTURE PRESENTATIONThe History of DesignWayne YevoliBradley WoodAndri UlrichWhat we will cover:•Five Principles of Design•Early Human Design - Andri•Modern Design- Wayne•Case Study- BradFive Principles of Design•Balance•Rhythm•Proportion/Scale•Emphasis•HarmonyFive Principles of Design•Balance–Symmetric (or Formal)–Asymmetric (or Informal)–Radial Symmetry–Vertical Symmetry–Horizontal SymmetryFive Principles of Design•RhythmRepeated–Colors–Patters–Shapes–Lines–TexturesFive Principles of Design•Proportion–The size of objects or their proportions in relation to each other.–3:5 Ratio (Golden Mean)Five Principles of Design•EmphasisWhat part of the design is made to stand out. Achieved by differences in:–Size–Placement–Color–LinesFive Principles of Design•Harmony-How well the previous four principles work together.Early Human Design: Tools•Tools from Pre-Historic People- Tools are the only evidence of early human design. - Tool Types:OldowanAchueleanMousterianUpper PaleolithicEarly Human Design: Tools•Oldowan Stone Tools- Oldest known human artifacts.- Consist of mostly crude single cutting edges. - Made by chipping stones.- Oldest are 2.4 million years old. - Appeared not long after humans became bipedal.Early Human Design: Tools•Acheulean- More advanced than Oldowan. - Bifacial cutting edges.- 1.5 million years old.Early Human Design: Tools•Mousterian- Usually associated with Neanderthals. - Process of making these tools more advanced.- Stages of production: basic core stone, rough blank, refined final tool.- 200k – 40k years old.Early Human Design: Tools•Upper Paleolithic- Wider variety of materials used in construction. - Adaptation of tools to suit various purposes. - 40k – 12k years old.Early Human Design: Tools•What we learn from this:- Notice time durations for each tool type: They continually decrease. - Technology was evolving faster and faster in early human history, as well as today. - First design attempts such as tools made out of necessity, lacking intricate design intent.- Design intent slowly begin to appear over time.Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Easily the greatest architectural achievement by humans.•Evidence of extensive design intent with respect to: balance, rhythm, proportion, emphasis, harmony.•Early human design was generally more spontaneous, without requiring much planning.•The evolution of design as its complexity increases does not only depend on advances in technology, but also in the ability to plan ahead.•The transition point of where this change happens cannot be clearly defined; it is a gradual adaptation that takes place of thousands of years.Early Human Design: Egyptian PyramidsEarly Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Two major design obstacles to overcome:–Moving enormous blocks (up to 50 tons each) from rock quarry to building site.–Placing of blocks during pyramid construction.Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Blocks were moved by pulling with winches, sometimes aided with levers.•For longer distances, round logs were placed underneath to roll the blocks over the sand. •Ramps were built to place blocks on pyramid.•Lubrication, usually water, was used to reduce friction on the ramps. •In later pyramids, simple cranes with counterweights may have been used.Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Moving the blocks:Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Different types of ramps used:Early Human Design: Egyptian PyramidsEgyptian Design Considerations: Why theywere built the way there were. •Symmetrically balanced- Horizontally and Vertically.Top ViewEarly Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Rhythm - It is seen in here in the placement of the Pyramids of Giza.Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Proportion/Scale–The golden ratio was used in pyramid construction. It is the ratio between its height and the area of its base.Early Human Design: Egyptian Pyramids•Harmony–The pyramid’s harmony lays in its simplicity.–It is aesthetically pleasing to the eye.–It is a clean shape with no irregularities.Early Human Design: Egyptian Wood WorkEarly Human Design: Rome and Greece•Roman and Greek design built on Egyptian technologies.•Their designs added flair with emphasis on decoration.•Transition from ceremonial, simple design to detailed and expansive arrangements.Early Human Design: Rome and Greece•The Parthenon in Greece also utilized the Golden Ratio.Summary•Initially, early humans did not focus on design principles. They built tools that were highly functional but lacked aesthetics.•Over time, the principles were incorporated into design.•The evolution of design as its complexity increases does not only depend on advances in technology, but also in the ability to plan ahead.•The evolution of design went through gradual changes, but without ever losing sight of the five design principles.•Historical Design Phases: Necessity, simplicity, complexity.Design from Rome to Renaissance•Period from the 500 to 1517•Design dominated by the church including architecture, paintings and furniture•Also called Middle Ages•Notre-Dame Cathedral seen from the River SeineDesign from Rome to Renaissance•Conservative 13th century Gothic in Provence: Basilica of Mary Magdalene, Saint Maximin la Sainte Baume. •Compass in a wooden box -12th centuryRenaissance•The Santa Maria del Fiore church of Florence, Italy. Florence was the capital of the Renaissance •Raphael was famous for depicting illustrious figures of the Classical past with the