Snake river plane... a long hole…lava flow, hot spotHyper geothermal activityWhen any magma is coming up to a continental lithosphere = Lava getsSticky (and then it goes boom, the explosion)What is Iceland? Basically a mega shield volcano (a strange spot)Being split in half Eurasian plateBut it is also a hot spot above sea levelHot spots do not only occur in mid-Atlantic ridgesExtremely important. Continental driftFather of plate tectonics. Key figureGerman meteorologistInterested in glaciers. He died in a Greenland expedition studying glaciersThe reason he is known as the father is because he collected all the data available that bored on this issue known as the continental drift… 1915 synthesize all the available data, and composed in a very cogent way that continents were moving around well another, and assembled as the super continent he called it PANGEA= all landsHe was ridiculed 20 years after he proposed this people thought it was ridiculousHe proposed that the continents were once assembled and once together as PANGEA and gradually drifted = idea was continental driftKind of data he assembled (1915)= in support of continental drift1) Fit of the coast lines of continentsThis idea had been around. He assembled all the data into a cogent argumentGondwanaland  Older than PANGEADistribution of ancient glaciers (300 ma)Makes no sense in current configurationProbable Palo-S AsianProposed mechanisms for moving continentsContinents don’t really fit the way Wegener reconstructed themIn plastic he had to bend them to get the continents to fitIn 1965, early computer models matched continental shelfWegener proposed a driving mechanism  how did continents move?He proposed they placed through oceanic crust like a plowQuickly disproved (+ widely ridiculed)Why did they move?Proposed they had as a result of Lunar gravitational “ day”Sir Harold Jeffries (Ancient geophysicist)Quickly should that if lunar forces were that, earth would stop rotating within a few yearsQuickly should that if lunar forces were that, earth would stop rotating within a few years.GEOL 240Lg 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Sea Floor Spreading Drawing w/ explanationII. Rifting of a ContinentIII. What is Decompression melting?IV. East African RiftV. Mount KilimanjaroVI. AulacogensVII. Diagram of the Subduction ZoneVIII. Convergent Plate BoundariesIX. Volcanoes Outline Current Lecture I. Where’s all that Lava?II. Plate movement over hot spotsIII. Alfred Wegener IV. Continental DriftV. PANGEA VI. Distribution of Ancient Glaciers Current LectureI. Plate moment over hot spots- Think of the hot spot like the compass - What happened 42, 43 million years ago to the hot spot It was moving north (plates move direction).- There are lots of hot spots in the world… but Hawaii is the most renownYellowstone it’s a hotspot. Mostly nest the ocean (continental hot spot)Snake river plane... a long hole…lava flow, hot spotHyper geothermal activity - When any magma is coming up to a continental lithosphere = Lava gets Sticky (and then it goes boom, the explosion)  Why does this matter? Can’t get out and hits 0 pressure so it explodes Yellowstone is so big people never imagine it was a volcano about 75 kilometers prox.Iceland and Mid-Atlantic ridge: coincidence of a hot spot and oceanic spreading ridge- What is Iceland? Basically a mega shield volcano (a strange spot)- Being split in half Eurasian plate- But it is also a hot spot above sea level- Hot spots do not only occur in mid-Atlantic ridges Alfred Wegenero Extremely important. Continental drift o Father of plate tectonics. Key figureo German meteorologisto Interested in glaciers. He died in a Greenland expedition studying glaciers o The reason he is known as the father is because he collected all the data available that bored on this issue known as the continental drift… 1915 synthesize all the available data, and composed in a very cogent way that continents were moving around well another, and assembled as the super continent he called it PANGEA= all lands o He was ridiculed 20 years after he proposed this people thought it was ridiculouso He proposed that the continents were once assembled and once together as PANGEA and gradually drifted = idea was continental drift - Kind of data he assembled (1915)= in support of continental drift- 1) Fit of the coast lines of continents - Esp. Africa and South America- This idea had been around. He assembled all the data into a cogent argument - Gondwanaland  Older than PANGEA- Distribution of ancient glaciers (300 ma) By starting these glaciers in this detail you can tell what direction it is going. 2) Distributing of 300 Million year old glacierso Makes no sense in current configurationo Probable Palo-S Asian 3) Distribution of ancient deserts and swamps 4) Distribution of ancient plates and animals from paleontologyEx: glosopherisifin-> Mammal-like reptiles The ideas that you do not think inside the box  continents don’t move 5) Distribution of Ancient Mountain belts on opposite sides of oceans- Appalachians= caladonidese.n. America Scotland/Ireland Fatal flaws of Wegener’s continental drift- Proposed mechanisms for moving continents - Continents don’t really fit the way Wegener reconstructed them- In plastic he had to bend them to get the continents to fit - In 1965, early computer models matched continental shelf - Wegener proposed a driving mechanism  how did continents move? o He proposed they placed through oceanic crust like a plow o Quickly disproved (+ widely ridiculed) Why did they move?o Proposed they had as a result of Lunar gravitational “ day” Sir Harold Jeffries (Ancient geophysicist) Quickly should that if lunar forces were that, earth would stop rotating within a few years Quickly should that if lunar forces were that, earth would stop rotating within a few