1Chapter 1, part bAnatomical PositionSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Regional TermsSlide 11Slide 12Body PlanesSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Body CavitiesSlide 18Slide 19Ventral Body CavitiesSlide 21Slide 22Serous Membrane (Serosa)Slide 24Abdominopelvic QuadrantsSlide 26Abdominopelvic RegionsSlide 28Other Body CavitiesThe Human Body: An Orientation: Part B1Chapter 1, part bThis part will be your lab assignment. Make sure you know your anatomical terminology, anatomical regions, body cavities, body positions and orientation.Anatomical PositionStandard anatomical body position:Body erectFeet slightly apartPalms facing forwardFigure 1.7aCervical(a) Anterior/VentralPubic(genital)CephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOralMentalThoracicAxillaryMammarySternalAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinal(groin)Upper limbAcromialBrachial (arm)AntecubitalAntebrachial (forearm)Carpal (wrist)Manus (hand)PalmarPollexDigitalLower limbCoxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)PatellarCrural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHalluxThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)Table 1.1Table 1.1Table 1.1Table 1.1Table 1.1Regional TermsTwo major divisions of body:AxialHead, neck, and trunkAppendicularLimbsRegional terms designate specific areasFigure 1.7aCervical(a) Anterior/VentralPubic(genital)CephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOralMentalThoracicAxillaryMammarySternalAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinal(groin)Upper limbAcromialBrachial (arm)AntecubitalAntebrachial (forearm)Carpal (wrist)Manus (hand)PalmarPollexDigitalLower limbCoxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)PatellarCrural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHalluxThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)Figure 1.7bCervical Back (dorsal) (b) Posterior/Dorsal Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)Upper limb AcromialBrachial (arm) Olecranal Antebrachial (forearm)Manus (hand) Metacarpal DigitalLower limb Femoral (thigh) Popliteal Sural (calf) Fibular or peronealPedal (foot) Calcaneal PlantarCephalic Otic Occipital (back of head)ThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)Body PlanesPlane: Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical studyBody PlanesSagittal planeDivides body vertically into right and left partsProduces a sagittal sectionMidsagittal (median) planeLies on midlineParasagittal planeNot on midlineBody PlanesFrontal (coronal) planeDivides body vertically into anterior and posterior partsTransverse (horizontal) planeDivides body horizontally into superior and inferior partsProduces a cross sectionOblique sectionCuts made diagonallyBody CavitiesDorsal cavityProtects nervous systemTwo subdivisions:Cranial cavityEncases brainVertebral cavityEncases spinal cordBody CavitiesVentral cavityHouses internal organs (viscera)Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm):Thoracic cavityAbdominopelvic cavityFigure 1.9a-bCranialcavity(contains brain) Dorsalbodycavity Vertebralcavity(contains spinal cord) CranialcavitySuperiormediastinumPericardialcavity withinthe mediastinumPleuralcavityVertebralcavity Abdomino-pelviccavity Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera) Diaphragm Pelvic cavity(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior viewDorsal body cavityVentral body cavityVentral Body CavitiesThoracic cavity subdivisions:Two pleural cavitiesEach houses a lungMediastinumContains pericardial cavitySurrounds thoracic organsPericardial cavityEncloses heartVentral Body CavitiesAbdominopelvic cavity subdivisions:Abdominal cavityContains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liverPelvic cavityContains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectumFigure 1.9a-bCranialcavity(contains brain) Dorsalbodycavity Vertebralcavity(contains spinal cord) CranialcavitySuperiormediastinumPericardialcavity withinthe mediastinumPleuralcavityVertebralcavity Abdomino-pelviccavity Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera) Diaphragm Pelvic cavity(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior viewDorsal body cavityVentral body cavitySerous Membrane (Serosa)Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluidParietal serosa lines internal body wallsVisceral serosa covers the internal organsFigure 1.10a-bOuter balloon wall(comparable to parietal serosa)Air (comparable to serous cavity)Inner balloon wall(comparable to visceral serosa)HeartParietalpericardiumPericardialspace withserous fluidVisceralpericardium(b) The serosae associated with the heart.Abdominopelvic QuadrantsDivisions used primarily by medical personnelFigure 1.11Right upperquadrant(RUQ)Right lowerquadrant(RLQ)Left upperquadrant(LUQ)Left lowerquadrant(LLQ)Abdominopelvic RegionsNine divisions used primarily by anatomistsFigure 1.12EpigastricregionUmbilicalregionRightlumbarregionLeftlumbarregionRighthypochondriacregionLefthypochondriacregionHypogastric(pubic)regionRight iliac(inguinal)regionLeft iliac(inguinal)regionLiverGallbladderAscending colon oflarge intestineSmall intestineAppendixCecumDiaphragm StomachDescending colonof large intestineTransverse colonof large intestineInitial part ofsigmoid colonUrinary bladder(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organsOther Body CavitiesOral and digestive cavities Nasal cavityOrbital cavities Middle ear cavitiesSynovial