Sex Gender Lecture 12 The Case of David Reimer What is a Sex One of two types of sexual reproducers within a species What is Sexual Reproduction Exchange of genetic material to produce offspring that share genetic ancestry with both parents Asexual reproduction only one parent Often produces offspring that are clones of parents The Sexes Females the sex with the larger gamete sex cell Females have ova Males gametes are smaller more mobile Males have sperm Hermaphrodites In many species individuals create both types of gametes Sex Gender Gender is the socially constructed role that each sex is assigned Varies cross culturally although many consistent patterns Debate as to source of patterns Biologically derived based on sexdiffs Due to ecological or social similarities found in most human populations Division of Labor Sexual Division of Labor Separate allocation of labor tasks to men and women Division of Labor small scale societies What do men focus on Tasks that require strength Tasks that require mobility Tasks that are risky What do women focus on Childcare Domestic tasks Economic tasks that are compatible with childcare Tsimane Division of Labor Agta Women Hunters of the Phillipines Division of Labor Sexual Division of Labor Separate allocation of labor tasks to men and women Hypotheses Hegemonic Division of Labor Sexual Division of Labor Separate allocation of labor tasks to men and women Hypotheses Hegemonic Functional Division of Labor Sexual Division of Labor Separate allocation of labor tasks to men and women Hypotheses Hegemonic Functional Independently adopted Gender Stratification Degree of inequality in distribution of power wealth status between genders Gender Stratification Degree of inequality in distribution of power wealth status between genders Patriarchies vs Matriarchies Political Leaders in 93 Societies 2008 G 20 Summit Gender Stratification Inequality in distribution of power wealth status between genders Patriarchies vs Matriarchies What leads to differences in stratification Contribution to subsistence Access to public sphere Access to skills knowledge Locality Warfare Development of Gender Roles Gender role socialization begins very early Is it a boy or a girl Development of Gender Roles Gender role socialization begins very early Parents play values Peers by age 6 11 times as much same sex play as opposite sex School Media Work Binary Gender Normativity Perception of traditional male female gender roles as natural Gender fluidity Gender identity disorder Embedded into culture Olympic 100m Times First Heat 35 10 30 25 20 Men 8 Women 6 15 Men Women 4 10 2 Seconds Seconds 3 11 11 7 10 4 10 1 10 6 4 3 1 1 8 13 9 6 1 2 1 8 2 4 0 1 1 1 1 5 10 0 9 5 0 Finals Agta women of the Phillipines are known for A Their woven rugs B Investing a great deal in appearance including filing their teeth C Hunting