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SMC CHEM 10 - Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

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Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Monatomic Ions • Memorize the common monatomic ions formed by various metals and non-metals, given in the Periodic Table below. Note that: ► Non-metal atoms gain electrons and form negatively charged anions (excepting the noble gases). ► Metal atoms lose electrons and form positively charged cations (including all the metals not explicitly shown). ► The charges of main group (A) metal and non-metal ions tend to follow group trends. • Naming monatomic ions: ► The names of monatomic non-metal anions are based on the original element name but end in __ide. ► The names of monatomic metal cations are the same as the original element names. However, when metals form more than one cation their charge must be included in the name as Roman Numerals in brackets. 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A ? H-1 Li+1 Be+2 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Na+1 Mg+2 Transition Metals (B) Al+3 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 K+1 Ca+2 Ti+2 Ti+3 Ti+4 Cr+2 Cr+3 Cr+6 Mn+2 Mn+3 Mn+4 Fe+2 Fe+3 Co+2 Co+3 Ni+2 Ni+3 Cu+1 Cu+2 Zn+2 Ga+3 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Rb+1 Sr+2 Ag+1 Cd+2 In+1 In+3 Sn+2 Sn+4 I-1 Cs+1 Ba+2 Au+1 Au+3 Hg2+2Hg+2 (Tl+1) (Tl+3) Pb+2 Pb+4 Bi+3 Bi+5 (At-1) (Fr+1) (Ra+2)Polyatomic Ions • Many ionic compounds also contain polyatomic ions. Memorize the list of polyatomic ions given in the table below. OH-1 Hydroxide O2-2 Peroxide CN-1 Cyanide CO3-2 Carbonate SCN-1 Thiocyanate SO3-2 Sulfite HCO3-1 Bicarbonate (Hydrogen Carbonate) SO4-2 Sulfate HSO3-1 Bisulfite (Hydrogen Sulfite) S2O3-2 Thiosulfate HSO4-1 Bisulfate (Hydrogen Sulfate) C2O4-2 Oxalate C2H3O2-1 Acetate CrO4-2 Chromate NO2-1 Nitrite Cr2O7-2 Dichromate NO3-1 Nitrate MnO4-1 Permanganate PO3-3 Phosphite ClO-1 Hypochlorite PO4-3 Phosphate ClO2-1 Chlorite ClO3-1 Chlorate NH4+1 Ammonium ClO4-1 Perchlorate Hg2+2 Mercury(I) Note that: ► Most polyatomic ions are negatively charged anions. ► Polyatomic anions containing oxygen are called oxyanions. ► The names of most polyatomic anions end in __ate or __ite. In a given homologous series, the anion ending in __ate has one more oxygen atom than the anion ending in __ite. Combining Ions to Obtain Ionic Compound Formulas and Names • The names and formulas of ionic compounds always start with the positively charged cation (metal or ammonium). • The oppositely charged ions are combined in simple whole number ratios to yield a net neutral ionic compound. These ratios become the subscripts in the compound formula. Ion charges are never shown in the compound formula. • The name of the compound is obtained by simply combining together the cation name with the anion name. Prefixes are never


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SMC CHEM 10 - Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

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