Anthropology 110 Fossil Record ChartSahelanthropusA. afarensisParanthropusH. habilisH. erectusAnthropology 110 Fossil Record Chart SpeciesAlternatelabels orspecimen #Found DatePhylogeneticpositionMorphologicalfeaturesCultural aspectsSahelanthropustchadensisWest Africa7 myaPossible homininpotentially earliestClose to LCASmall brain Small caninesApe likeN/aNear complete skull, teethFound 2002Orrorin tugenesisKenyaTugen Hills6.1-5.7Pre-Australopith-homininBiPedalSkull Size unknownPostCranial findingsDental WorkLower Limb2000Ardipithecus ramidusArdiEast Africa4.4 HomininBipedal Brain-300-350cmFemale found 4ft 110lbs(larger)Primitive stillLarge collectionand partial Skeletons1992Jaw and postcraniumAustralopithecus anamensisEast Africa4.2-3.9Possible Homo ancestorBipedalSmall BrainsLarge teeth and thick enamelDentition and skullHumerus, tibia, radius1965 but never recognized until1994-95A. afarensisLucyEast Africa Kenya Laetoli Ethiopia3.6-3.0 Early hominin25-50kg100-150cmBipedal (not modern) Large K9 Cranium-375-500cm^3- small Larger upper to lower body proportions3-5 ft tallBipedal65 individuals partial cranium with jaw and teeth; partial skeletonA. africanusSouth Africa3.0-2.0Point between hominins and pre hominin25-45kg110-140cmSmall CraniumBipedal1 almost complete Cranium; partials, jaw, teeth and partialskeletons1924A/P aethiopicusBlack SkullNorthern Kenyaat Lake TurkanaEast africa2.4Hominin but show characteristics of africanusLarge Broad face and Massive teethSkull was 410cm saggital crestBipedalComplete Skull1985A/P robustus ParanthropusSouth AfricaCooper’s caveDrimolen2.0-1.0Hominin but show characteristics of africanusMassive teeth stillbut smaller than those of east africaBipedal1938 1 Complete Cranium jaw parts and teeth with partial postcranial partsA/P boisei Paranthropus 2.2-1.0Hominin but show characteristics of africanusLarger teeth and small cranium Approx. 400-500cm (goes for all Three A/P)Bipedal1959 2 nearly complete crania Partial jaws and teeth several long limbs discoveredA. sediba Homo SedibaSouth Africa1.95-1.78Transitional AustralopithSmall cranium Australopith shoulder joint long arms curved fingers and primitive feet small teeth and narrower cheeksCertainly less arboreal20082 partial skeletonsHomo habilisHandy manKnmer-1813Began in S. Africa and migratedto East Africa2.4-1.5myaEarly Homo- Three early homos are similar but names changed by regionAvg. Cranium 631cm Robust Face but teeth size were larger infromt with narrowmolars1959/19602 partial crania Jaw fragments several limb bones partial hand and foot and a partial skeletonH. rudolfensisH. habilisKnmer-1470East Lake Turkana Kenya, East Africa1.8-1.4 Early Homo Similar to above19721 almost complete mandible teeth and jaw pieces and few post cranial elementsH. ergasterEarly H. erectusAfrican Turkana boyEast AfricaH. Erectus origin1.7- 1 myaEarly HomoMany wonder if they are separate speciesAvg. 5’6 and weighed well over 100lbs full grown Robust body but sexuallydimorphic Cranium 700-1250cm Thick cranium and projecting brow ridges Saggital keel 1984/1991H. erectusH. georgicusDmanisiGeorgia 1.81Suggests two migrations out of Africa that led to different sizeSimilar but named different by locationLess robust and thinner brow and relatively large upper K9Dmanisi site skulls-630, 650, and 780cmTools found4’9-5’52002H. erectus Java manJava1.6-1Java and China survived from 1.8 to 40,000myaSimilar but named different by locationSaggital Keels thickcraniums Browridges and nuchal tori (more pronounced than African)813-1059cm1891H. erectus Peking manChina780tya800-500Similar but named different by locationScrapers, burins, and awls (tools) Hunter gatherers Controlled fire Earliest in the 1920s up to 2009H. antecessorLate EuropeanH. erectusSpain1.2 mya but in Italy 900-450tyaHominins of Atapuerca evolvedOldowan tools but developed Acheulian- Hand axe with bifaceSome meat but most if calories from plantsHomo heidelbergensisPre modern humansArchaic H. sapiensAfrica Bodo And Kabwe Englandand spain600-130tyaPossibly as early as 850tyaSuggest that this is the ancestor of neandertal and sapienThe transition to modern homininsArching browridges and projecting midfaceReduced tooth size, parietal expansion, and less angled occiputLarger cranial capacity around 1200cm with a thin braincaseHomo neanderthalensisH. sapiens neanderthalensisNeandertalsEuropeMiddle east125-30tyaMany believe they interbred with SapiensH. sapiens sapiensAMHAnatomically modern humansAfrica m. eastEuropeCro-magnon195kya28