Chapter 6: OutputWhat is Output?- Data that has been processed into a useful form, called informationo Texto Graphicso Audioo VideoWhat Are Output Devices?What is an output device?- Any hardware component that can convey information to a usero Printero Monitoro SpeakersDisplay DevicesWhat is a display device?- Television-like- Information on a display device sometimes is called soft copyWhat is a CRT monitor?- Large sealed, glass screen- Screen coated with tiny dots of phosphor material- Pixel, or picture element, is single point in electronic image- Three dots (red, blue, and green) combine to make up each pixelWhat are typical sizes for CRT monitors?- 15, 17, 19, 21, and 22 inch screen size- Viewable size is diagonal measurement of actual viewing area provided by the monitoro Screen sizeo Viewable sizeWhat is a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor?- Type of flat-panel display- Uses liquid crystals between two sheets of material to present information on screen- Electric current passes through crystals, which creates images on the screenWhere are some features of LCD screens?- Lightweight and compactPage 1 of 9- Consumes less than one-third of the power than does a CRT monitor- Ideal for notebook and handheld computersWhat is a Web-enabled device?- Allows access to the Web or e-mailo Cellular telephoneso Pagers- Many use monochrome LCD displays to save battery powerWhat is an electronic book (e-book) ?- Small, book-sized computer that uses an LCD screen- Allows users to read, save, highlight, bookmark, and add notes to online text- Download new book content from WebWhat are the two technologies used for LCD monitors?- Active-matrix displayo Can display high-quality color viewable from all angles- Passive-matrix displayo Color often not as brighto Images best viewed when working directly in front of displayWhat is a gas plasma monitor?- Flat-panel display uses layer of gas plasma between two sheets of materialWhat is display resolution?- Describes the sharpness and clarity of image- The higher the resolution, the sharper the image and the more that can display on the monitoro 800 x 600 most common 800 horizontal pixels 600 vertical pixels Total of 480,000 pixels on screeno 1280 x 1024 maximum resolution of most monitorso 2048 x 1536 maximum for high-end monitorsWhat is dot pitch?- Measure of the distance between pixels - Sometimes called pixel pitch- Smaller the distance between the pixels, the sharper the image- Use a monitor with a dot pitch of .29 millimeters or lower to minimize eye fatiguePage 2 of 9What is refresh rate?- Speed at which monitor redraws images on the screen- Should be fast enough to maintain a constant, flicker-free image- High-quality monitor will provide refresh rate of at least 75 hertz- Image on the screen redraws itself 75 times per secondWhat is a video card?- Converts digital output from computer into analog video signal- Controls how display device produces picture- Also called graphics card or video adapterHow does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor?- 1: Processor sends digital data to video card- 2: Video card converts digital data to analog signal- 3: Analog signal sent via cable to CRT monitor- 4: CRT separates signal into red, green, and blue signals- 5: Electron guns fire color signals to front of CRT- 6: Image displaysWhat is bit depth?- Number of bits a video card uses to store information about each pixel- Also called color depth- Determines number of colors a video card can display - Greater the number of bits, better the resulting imageo 8-bit video card  Uses 8 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 256 different colorso 24-bit video card Uses 24 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 16.7 million colorsWhat are video standards?- Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) develops video standardso Resolutiono Simultaneous ColorsWhat are various video card configurations?- Video Memory in MB- Color DepthPage 3 of 9- Number of Colors- ResolutionWhat is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)?- Magnetic field that travels at speed of light- Small amount produced by all CRT monitorso Sit at arm’s length from CRTo EMR is greatest on sides and back of CRT monitoro LCD monitors do not pose this riskWhat is the ENERGY STAR® program?- Program to encourage manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power whennot in use- Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display ENERGY STAR® labelWhat is Interactive TV?- Two-way communications technology in which users interact with television programmingo Select a movieo Voteo Banko Shopo Play games- HDTV works directly with interactive TVPrintersWhat is a printer?- Output device that produces text and graphics on paper- Result is hard copy, or printout - Two orientationso Portraito LandscapeWhat is an impact printer?- Forms characters by striking a mechanism against ink ribbon that physically contacts paper- Ideal for printing multipart forms - Can withstand dusty environments, vibrations, and extreme temperaturesWhat is a dot-matrix printer?- Impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins on print head mechanism strike inked ribbonPage 4 of 9- Most use continuous-form paperHow does a dot-matrix printer work?- When ribbon presses against paper, it creates dots that form characters and graphics- A higher number of pins (9 to 24) means printer prints more dots per character, which results in higher print qualityWhat is a line printer?- High-speed impact printer that prints entire line at a time- Speed measured by number of lines per minute (lpm) it can printo Band printer prints fully-formed characters using a hammer mechanismo Shuttle-matrix printer is high-speed printer that works more like a dot-matrix printerWhat is a non-impact printer?- Forms characters and graphics on piece of paper without actually striking papero Ink-jet Printero Laser Printero Thermal PrinterWhat is an ink-jet printer?- Nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto piece of paper- Most popular type of color printer for home useWhat is the resolution of a printer?- Sharpness and clarity of characters- Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer can outputo 300 dpio 600 dpio 1,200 dpiHow does an ink-jet printer work?- 1: