CSC 1010 1st EditionExam # 4 (FINAL) Chapters: #1 - 9Chapter 1 (August 27 – September 3)The Digital Revolution What is a computer and how does it work? A computer is an electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. A computer works through these four steps: 1. Accepts data 2. Manipulates data 3. Produces results 4. Stores results What is computer literacy? Computer Literacy is knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses. What is the difference between data and information, and what is a user? Data can essentially be defined as raw facts, figures, and symbols, while information is organized, meaningful, and useful. A user is a person who communicates with a computer or uses the information it generates. What is the difference between hardware and software, and what are examples of each? Hardware is the electronic and mechanical equipment, such as the modem, and software is instructions that tell the hardware how to perform tasks, such as the processor. List the 5 elements of the Information Processing Cycle. a. Input b. Process c. Output d. Storage e. Communication Define the following components of a computer. Input device – Hardware used to enter data and instructions (i.e. Microphone) Output device – Hardware that conveys information to a user (i.e. Printer) Chip – Device with microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents Floppy Disk – A thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic Hard Disk – Provides much greater storage than a floppy disk Compact Disc – Portable storage media List the two main components of the motherboard.The first main component of the motherboard is the CPU, the Central Processing Unit. It is also called a processor or a processing chip. The second main component of the motherboard is the memory, a temporary holding place for data and instructions. Both components are internal and reside inside the system unit. Explain Storage. Storage on a computer holds data, instructions, and information for future use of a user. The storage medium is the physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored. The storage device is what records and retrieves the items to and from a storage medium. Common storage devices include CD-RW drive, Hard disk drive, and the CD-ROM drive. Define and explain the importance of the Internet. Also include how users connect to the internet.The Internet is the worldwide collection of networks that links millions of computers together. The Internet is used for several different things, such as email, information, shopping, meeting people, and entertainment. Users connect to the internet through ISP and OSP. ISP, Internet Service Provider, provides access to the Internet. OSP, Online Service Provider, provides access to the internet through specialized services such as AOL and MSN. List the seven different categories of computers. 1. Personal computersA computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. 2. Mobile computers and mobile devices Personal computer you can carry from place to place.3. Game Consoles A mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games.4. Servers Controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. 5. Mainframes A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. 6. Supercomputers The fastest, most powerful computer – and the most expensive. 7. Embedded computers Special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product. What does GIGO stand for?Garbage In Garbage OutChapter 2 (September 5 – September 10) Explain the evolution of the Internet.The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969. It had two main goals; 1.) Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together 2.) Function even if part of the network were disable or destroyed by a disaster. In 1996 it formed Internet2, which now connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network. Define the World Wide Web. The WWW consist of a worldwide collection of electronic documents. What are the thirteen types of Web sites you can access via Internet? Portal – a Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location.News – a news Web site contains newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather.Informational – Contains factual information.Business/Marketing – contains content that promotes for sells products or services Blog – information website consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reserve chronological order.Wiki – a collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser. Online Social Network – also called social networking Web site; encourages members in its online community to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users. Educational – offers exciting challenging avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning.Entertainment – offers interactive and engaging environment Advocacy – contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea Web Application – allows users to access and interact with software through a Web browser on any computer or device that is connected to the Internet Content Aggregator – A business that gathers and organizes web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or for a feePersonal – published by a private individual or family not usually associated with any organization Define the following terms: Graphic, Animation, Audio, Streaming, Video, Virtual Reality, and Plug-in. Graphic – Digital representation of nontext information Animation – the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence Audio – includes music, speech, or any other sound Streaming – the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow Video – consists of images displayed in motion Virtual reality (VR) – the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as athree-dimensional space Plug-in – is a program that extends the