17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?11Are Environmental Problems Are Environmental Problems Getting Worse or Better?Getting Worse or Better?17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?22Environmental PolicyEnvironmental PolicyPattern of Government decisions and Pattern of Government decisions and actions intended to address environmental actions intended to address environmental problemsproblems––Defining environmental problemsDefining environmental problems––Devising programs and activities to manage Devising programs and activities to manage themthem17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?33Environmental Policy MakingEnvironmental Policy MakingHow the government determines what How the government determines what are/not environmental problems and which are/not environmental problems and which deserve government attentiondeserve government attention––InstitutionsInstitutionsHow publicHow publicconcerns are translated in to concerns are translated in to government concernsgovernment concerns––ProceduresProcedures17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?44Environmental PoliticsEnvironmental PoliticsClash of interests, ideas, & values that Clash of interests, ideas, & values that occurs occurs ----inside and outside of inside and outside of government government ----in the course of defining in the course of defining environmental problems and deciding environmental problems and deciding what government should (not) do about what government should (not) do about themthem––Include public participationInclude public participationVotingVotingLetter writingLetter writingLobbyingLobbying17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?55Environmental PoliticsEnvironmental PoliticsWhat are the real problems we face as a society What are the real problems we face as a society and how do we characterize and prioritize them?and how do we characterize and prioritize them?––Environmental problems vs. other problemsEnvironmental problems vs. other problemsShould our government do anything about the Should our government do anything about the environmental problem(s) we identify?environmental problem(s) we identify?If so, what are our choices for government If so, what are our choices for government action? What can government do and what action? What can government do and what should government do?should government do?Once we know what we want government to do, Once we know what we want government to do, how do we make it happen?how do we make it happen?17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?66Scientific & Engineering Data in Scientific & Engineering Data in Environmental PolicyEnvironmental PolicyWhere does science and technology come Where does science and technology come into play?into play?––Defining the Defining the somesomeof the characteristics of of the characteristics of environmental problemsenvironmental problems––Defining Defining some aspectssome aspectsof the solutions for of the solutions for solving the problemssolving the problems17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?77Scientific & Engineering Data in Scientific & Engineering Data in Environmental PolicyEnvironmental Policy“Emerging” science & technology“Emerging” science & technology––TentativeTentative––UncertainUncertain––SpeculativeSpeculativeLooking for the truth vs. Looking for Looking for the truth vs. Looking for evidenceevidence––Many ways to present dataMany ways to present data17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?88Are Environmental Problems Are Environmental Problems Getting Worse or Better?Getting Worse or Better?What do the Data show?What do the Data show?17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?99Things Are Getting WorseThings Are Getting Worse17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1010World PopulationWorld Population01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,0001940196019802000202020402060YearPopulation (millions)PopulationProjection17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1111World Population GrowthWorld Population Growth0.000.501.001.502.002.501940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060YearPercent GrowthGrowthProjection17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1212GDP per capita (2000)GDP per capita (2000)$0$5,000$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000$35,000GDP/popUSJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeria17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1313COCO22EmissionsEmissionsper Capita (1996)per Capita (1996)0123456USAJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaWorldCO2 (tonnes per capita)17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1414Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumptionper capita (1997)per capita (1997)050100150200250300350400USJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaWorldMillions BTUs per Capita17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1515Municipal TrashMunicipal Trashkg per capitakg per capita0100200300400500600700800US JapanGermany UKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaWorldkg per capita17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1616Ecological FootprintEcological Footprint05101520253035USJapanGermanyUKMexicoChinaIndiaNigeraWorldAcres per CapitaEco. FootprintEco. Productive LandEcological Footprint17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1717Things Are Getting BetterThings Are Getting Better17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1818Population GrowthPopulation Growth19901990--2000200000.511.522.533.5USJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaWorld% Annual Growth17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?1919COCO22Emissions per GDPEmissions per GDP(1996)(1996)051015202530USAJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaCO2/GDP17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?2020BTUs Consumed per GDPBTUs Consumed per GDP(1996)(1996)020040060080010001200USAJapanGermanyUKSwedenMexicoChinaIndiaNigeriaBTUs/GDP17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?2121US Energy Use & GDPUS Energy Use & GDP024681012195319561959196219651968197119741977198019831986198919921995BTUs / GDP17.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?2222US SOUS SO22Pollution & GDPPollution & GDP0102030405060701950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000SO2 / GDPU.S. U.S. NONOxxEmissions Emissions vsvsGDP/PopGDP/PopNO-x EmissionsGDP per Capita500010000 20000 300005000100001500020000250001930193519401945195019551960196519701975198019841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199817.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?2424US CO2 EmissionsUS CO2 Emissions1,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500CO2 Emissions1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 199717.32 Limited Earth?17.32 Limited Earth?2525US CO2 Emissions / GDPUS CO2 Emissions /