CRISES OF A PLANET - GEOL 108108 SECOND TEST BANK (example questions)TRUE/FALSE (2 points each)Valley widening primarily occurs by mass wasting subsequent to erosion by running water.TrueFloodplains are flat surfaces adjacent to rivers formed by deposition during floods.TrueA river's width, depth, and velocity all increase downstream.TrueThe shallow part of a stream occurs on the outside of a turn.FalseErosion by a stream occurs on the mostly on the outside of a turn.TrueErosion and deposition are equally balanced along lower (downstream) portions of a stream's longitudinal profile. TrueThe role of erosion is greater than that deposition at high elevations of a stream's longitudinal profile. TrueThe average annual probability of a 50-year flood at a given location is 2%.TrueUp to 75% of water supplied to southern California communities is imported.TrueDeposition by a stream occurs on the mostly on the inside of a turn.TrueThe average annual probability of a 50-year flood at a given location is 50%FalseOzone is a principle component of photochemical smog.TrueOur present day atmosphere is principally composed of nitrogen and oxygen with minor amounts of H2O, CO2, and other compoundsTrueNatural rain water has a pH = 7.False 5.6Acid rain has a pH near 14.False around 3Ground-level ozone forms from sunlight interacting with nitrous oxide.TrueAcid rain has a pH near 7 (neutral).FalseAtmospheric CO2 increases during the Fall and Winter and decreases during the Spring and Summer.TrueAcid rain is an example of regional smog.TrueWarming oceans will expel dissolved gasses, including CO2 and O2.TrueThe average annual level of atmospheric CO2 is increasing today.TrueThe average annual level of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, CFC's, and NO2 have all dramatically increased during the past century.TrueGround level ozone forms from sunlight interacting with nitrous oxide.TrueCarbon monoxide is a principle component of photochemical smog.False: CO is component of combustion; photochemical smog =NO and O….O3A significant source of atmospheric sulfur comes from burning of sulfur-rich natural gas.False: coal-burningAtmospheric CO2 increases during the Fall and Winter and decreases during the Spring and SummerTrueA bajada is a dry lake bed in the desert.False it is a PlayaThe coastal Atacama Desert of Chile, one of the world’s driest, has its moisture taken by the Andes.TrueTransverse dunes occur in areas where the sand supply is large.True—abundance of sand and little windTropical deserts form on the downwind side of mountain ranges.False Tropical deserts occur at the tropics because of high pressureThe flat erosion surface formed BY WIND at the edges of retreating desert mountains is termed desert pavement.TrueThe flat erosion surface formed at the edges of retreating desert mountains BY WATER is termed pediment.TrueThe steep side of a sand dune or ripple mark is on the upwind side.FalseWind shadow deserts form on the downwind side of mountain ranges.False: rainshadow desertsSub-tropical deserts occur along equatorial latitudes.False: low latitudes about 25 degreesCoastal deserts occur on the downwind side of mountain ranges.True: AtacamaDesert regions of Earth are increasing in size today.TrueAlong the equator, air rises creating atmospheric low pressure and wet climate and along the tropics (25-30 degrees N and S of the equator), falling air creates high pressure and dry climate.TruePolar deserts are characterized by perpetual snow cover, low levels of precipitation, and intense cold.TrueThe average annual probability of a 100-year flood at a given location is 1%.TrueThe rise of the Alps and Himalaya Mountains at 40 to 60 million years ago contributed to cooling of the planet.TrueThe advance of an ice age will induce decreased stream erosion due to the withholding of water in the growing polar ice caps.TrueAretes are large U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers.False they are the knife life edge between two parallel U valleysGlacial crevasses often extend down to the bottom portion of a glacier exposing polished bedrock.FalseThe upper portions of glaciers move by brittle flow resulting in the formation of crevasses.TrueFollowing the last ice age, continental areas once depressed by the weight of the vast amounts of ice are still rising today by the process of isostatic rebound.TrueThe only significant period of glaciation on the Earth was during the Pleistocene.FalseGlacial erratic refers to the disrupted nature of landforms left from glacial retreat.TrueHorns are a common erosional feature of continental glaciation.False: NOT continental, valley glaciationGlacial ice moves downhill even during times of glacial retreat.TrueHanging valleys result from uplift of old glacial valleys.False: glacial erosionThe existence of fiords is evidence that glaciers can erode well below sea level.TrueThe Pleistocene Ice Age reflects the gradual, long-term cooling of the Earth over geologic time.True: meteorite impact, cont. collision and increased precipitation, and slowing plate motion and volcanismAretes are sharp ridges eroded by glaciers.TrueGlacial ice moves uphill during times of glacial retreat.FalseChlorofluorocarbons release dangerous levels of fluorine and chlorine forming acid rain.True: hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid = acid rainUpper atmospheric ozone is created by lightning.False: bad ozone is created by lightning, good ozone = UV plus OChlorofluorocarbons and methyl bromide breakdown in the upper atmosphere releasing Cl and Br, respectively, which in turn destroy ozone.TrueUpper atmospheric ozone accumulates from smog that rises from near the ground.FalseSand accumulated on the north side of a groin indicates that the direction of longshore drift is to the north.FalseOcean waves that have a long wavelength will generate surf farther from shore than those with a short wavelength.TrueRising sea level causes barrier islands to shift their position landward.TrueMarine terraces, such as those of Palos Verdes, are uplifted erosional land forms.TrueMarine terraces, such as those of Palos Verdes, are indications of uplift or lowering of sea level.TrueSea stacks result from "hot spot" volcanic activity along shorelines.False from erosionSea stacks represent erosional remnants following sea cliff retreat.TrueMarine terraces, such as those of Palos Verdes, are uplifted depositional land forms.FalseThe fact that the Hawaiian Islands young to the southeast indicates that the Pacific Plate is moving