Name________________________ TA______________________CRISES OF A PLANET - GEOL 108 October 21, 2010EXAM 2, VERSION A Maximum Points = 377TRUE/FALSE (2 points each) Designate which statements are TRUE or FALSE by filling in the A (true) or B (false) blank on the SCANTRON answer sheet.1. Deposition by a stream occurs on the mostly on the outside of a turn.2. Floodplains are flat surfaces adjacent to rivers formed by deposition during floods.3. Erosion and deposition are equally balanced along lower (downstream) portions of a stream's longitudinal profile. 4. The average annual probability of a 50-year flood at a given location is 2%.5. Our present day atmosphere is principally composed of nitrogen and oxygen with minor amounts of H2O, CO2, and other compounds.6. Natural rain water has a pH = 7.7. Acid rain has a pH near 14.8. Ground-level ozone forms from sunlight interacting with nitrous oxide. 9. Atmospheric CO2 increases during the Fall and Winter and decreases during the Spring and Summer.10. The flat erosion surface formed at the edges of retreating desert mountains is termed desert pavement.11. The steep side of a sand dune or ripple mark is on the upwind side.12. Wind shadow deserts form on the downwind side of mountain ranges.13. Sub-tropical deserts occur along equatorial latitudes.14. Aretes are large U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers.15. The only significant period of glaciation on the Earth was during the Pleistocene.16. The existence of fiords is evidence that glaciers can erode well below sea level.17. Chlorofluorocarbons release dangerous levels of fluorine and chlorine forming acid rain.18. Upper atmospheric ozone is created by lightning.19. Sand accumulated on the north side of a groin indicates that the direction of longshore drift is to the north.20. Ocean waves that have a long wavelength will generate surf farther from shore than those with a short wavelength.21. The fact that the Hawaiian Islands young to the southeast indicates that the Pacific Plate is moving in the opposite direction.22. Spits form from the accumulation of sand in coastal sand dunes.23. Marine terraces are depositional landforms.24. Beaches are delicately balanced and unnatural modification can cause severe disruption to the stability of coastal landforms. 25. Longshore currents are constant in direction all year. 26. Water contracts upon freezing.27. Exfoliation joints result from compression.128. The "C" horizon is a soil profile rich in organic material.B. MULTIPLE CHOICE (3 points each) On the SCANTRON sheet, mark the letter corresponding to the correct answer beginning with number 51.51. Streams that are low on their longitudinal profile havea) erosion balanced by deposition.b) floodplains, meanders, and oxbow lakes.c) high discharge rates.d) occasional superfloods.e) all of the above52. The construction of artificial levees along the banks of riversa) prevents flooding.b) allows floodplains to be used for agriculture and development.c) lowers the groundwater table.d) increases the magnitude of flooding during major events.e) all of the above. 53. At a bend in a river, the water depth is shallowesta) along the outside of the turn.b) along the middle of the channel.c) along the inside of the turn.d) where the stream velocity is the greatest.e) none of the above. 54. CO2 in the atmosphere today is approximatelya) 285 ppm (parts per million)b) 385 ppmc) 2.8 ppmd) 3.6 ppme) 2.8 %55. House on stilts. Which location of a river home (built on stilts, sites A-E) would survive the longest adjacent to the river depicted below?256. Nitrous oxide forms froma) combustion or burning of oxygen in a nitrogen rich atmosphere.b) the effects of ultraviolet radiation on nitrogen and oxygenc) lightningd) burning of high nitrogen, high oxygen fuelse) all of the above.57. Ozonea) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms..b) requires energy to form.c) absorbs ultraviolet radiation.d) is very reactive.e) is all of the above.58. High atmospheric ozonea) concentrates over the polar regions.b) has become diminished over vast regions of the planet.c) is a filter of the visible portion of the Sun's radiation.e) forms from lightning.f) all of the above.59. Given that the recurrence interval of floods of various magnitudes can be calculated by the equation of T = (N+1)/M where T is recurrence interval in years, N is the number of years on record, and M = rank of individual recorded flood (from that having rank of 1 being the largest), a flood event that is the third largest in a 99 year record can be expected to occur on an average every 3a) three yearsb) thirty three years.c) ninety nine yearsd) three hundred yearse) never again. 60. Which of the following air pollutants is photochemical in origin?a) Nitrogen dioxideb) Ozonec) Sulfur dioxided) Carbon monoxidee) Lead61. An inversion layer occursa) when cold air underlies warm air.b) when warm air underlies cold air.c) wherever the ozone layer is diminished.d) during sunny days.e) all of the above.62. Chlorofluorocarbonsa) include the compound known as "freon"b) are concentrated at high stratospheric levels above the polar regions.c) have been used as a refrigerant.d) have been used in the making of Nike shoese) all of the above.63. Greenhouse gases includea) nitrogen and oxygen.b) water and Cl.c) water and sulfur.d) CO2 and methane.e) ozone and nitrous oxides.64. Ozonea) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms..b) requires energy to form.c) absorbs ultraviolet radiation.d) is very reactive.e) is all of the above.65. An ice age occurs when global temperatures fall a. 0.3 – 0.9 degrees C.4b. 4 – 10 degrees C. c. 20 – 40 degrees C. d. > 40 degrees C. 66. Barrier islandsa) migrate in the direction of the longshore current and landward with the rise of sea level.b) represent the eroded remnants of sea cliffs.c) have abundant reservoirs of fresh water beneath the surface.d) are growing in size today.e) all of the above.67. The characteristics of an uplifted coastline includea) spits, stacks, and submarine canyons.b) sea cliffs, marine terraces, and stacks.c) estuaries, barrier islands, and spits.d) marine terraces, sea arches, and drumlins.68. Typical minerals comprising continental sand beaches includea) calcite and basaltb) olivine and micac) clay and saltd) quartz and feldspar 69. The sand supply to beaches isa) derived from rivers.b) derived from sea cliff erosion.c) diminishing.d) changes with time of the year.e)