THAR 281 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 10-13Lecture 10- SymbolismWho was Vsevelod Meyerhold? What is the fourth wall, and what does Meyerhold do to it? Who wrote A Dream Play?o Vsevelod Emilievich Meyerholdo From Moscowo Student of Stanislavskio Russian worked in Moscow and went to school at Moscow Art Theatreo Meyerhold experiments “director’s theatre”- Everything happens for director’s mission and goals Found spaces- Work in places not intended to be theatres Eliminate “fourth wall”- wall btw. Stage and audience (not realistic wall)- Meyerhold breaks this wall- Leaves on house lightsA Dream Play: August StrindbergLecture 11- Epic TheatreWhat is epic theatre? Who started epic theatre? List Piscator’s techniques.What is Proletarian Drama? Know the shared beliefs of Brecht and Piscator. List Brechtian techniques.Epic Theatre- German theatre movement- two main men responsible forErwin Piscator:- 1st person to explore idea of epic theatre (or what it would come to be)- Proletarian Drama- political drama for the people- The Good Soldier Schweik- He heightened theatricality- lots of spectacle (visually captivating)- Multimedia- projected images- Actor/audience relationship- looked for ways to change boundary between.Piscator’s Techniques:- Projections- Film- Treadmills- Cartoons- MarionettesBertolt Brecht:- German (1898-1956)- Socialist, dramatist, director, playwright, theorist- Mother Courage and Her Children (1939)- most well-known musical he wrote- His thoughts: Theatre Should Instructo Idea of unity today in plays- everything belongs together and works to tell one central story, but in epic theatre everything has its own purpose. o Several messages, all political and have their own meanings.o Critically engaged audience- everything draws people out of the plays so they have to think about it. Example: movies that make you cry, have emotions towards.Both men had: Shared Beliefs (basic principles to Epic Theatre)- Theatre should teach a lesson- didactic - Should exist to bring about social change- make things better- Audience should be constantly aware they are watching a play- Multimedia used"Brechtian" techniques: - heightened theatricality- mythical foreign lands- historification- history parallels what’s going on at this time- opening titles to each scene- physical scene changes- lots of diff. settings- multimedia- narratorLecture 12-American TheatreWhat is American Theatre? Which two musicals are considered to be landmarks in the movement away from musical comedies to the integrated musical? What was the most well-known African-American musical? American Theatre:Commercial Theatre:- Between ww1& ww2 the most dominant form of theatre in America- Theatre were you just do commercials- Theatre for a profit, example: Broadway- produce works to make moneyNon-profit theatres- theatre itself doesn’t make extra money, acters are paid,designers etc… they just break even.- Musicals- most popular form of commercial theatreShowboat & Oklahoma were the most popular musicals.Porgy & Bess was the most well-known African-American musical.Lecture 13 Know the Test Review!!!Reactions against Realismthe characteristics of symbolist drama: - depict the inner light-Express the inexpressible- suggestive- no plot action- lyric drama- Ceremonial & evocative- uses poetry- uses music- uses metaphorsList the characteristics of his theatrical experiments: - action in the audience- left houselights on- actors in the audienceWhat is an “etude”? - Shooting a bow, a series of poses, or actions put together. Several dif. physical movements create one etude.What purpose does a constructivist setting serve? - Creates shape without substance, makes the actors and set become one large machine, one giant apparatus.Epic Theatre Erwin Piscator:- Heightened theatricality. First person who relates the idea of epic theatre, he started it. Gave us proletarian drama, and started using multimedia in live performances.- his techniques: o - projectiono - filmo - marionetteso - cartoono - treadmillsProletarian drama? o Political drama, meant to bring about social change. Episodic form. Dramatizes current events, drama for the people.Brechtian techniques used in the National Theatre’s production of Mother - Courage? - Left some of the back stage lights on. Stage crew were part of the play and dressed in normal street clothes. Sound effects done by man on stage.Classic'American'Theatre''Which two musicals are considered to be landmarks in the movement away from musical comedies to the integrated musical? - Showboat & OklahomaGroup Theatre: Independent theatre goal was to produce socially relevant drama, 1st theatrein America to start teaching stanslvoski.First African-American theatre: Porgy and