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COMM 2360: Final
simulacrum |
artificial images that are more real than the real thing. Life moves onto the screen, the screen becomes more powerful than the real thing |
Hyperreality |
a system of simulations that develops too much meaning. Artificial flavors taste real, real flavors taste strange, vacation photos more meaningful than vacation itself |
theme parking |
making everyday places like restaurants, malls, neighborhoods have themes. Example: Olive Garden, Outback, Texas Roadhouse (creating an artificial experience of a culture in a different culture) |
tabloidization |
local news turning to
"action news" while media is being deregulated. There is less investigating and more sensational, health, celebrity, and opinion |
trademark |
a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or products |
Copyright |
A government grant to an author of an exclusive right to publish, reprint, and sell a manuscript for a period of the life of the author plus fifty years after the author's death for works written after january 1, 1978. |
fair use |
allows for the public domain to use certain things that are privatized without the need for permission from or payment to the copyright holder |
public domain |
belonging to the public- anyone can use it |
cultural enclosure |
corporate impulse to limit competition and control circulation of culture; larger corporations win legal contests; indefinite extensions (Mickey Mouse Act) |
sampling |
the culmination of recorded material: taking a beat from one song and applying different words |
culture jamming |
the practice of parodying advertisements and hijacking billboards in order to drastically change their message. Rejects the idea that marketing must be accepted as one way information flow |
content/connecitivity |
content: shows on tv, connectivity: social networking, dependent on users for content (i.e Youtube doesn't create content, only gives a way for users to broadcast content= connecitivity_ |
intertextuality |
when texts and tabloids reference each other and intersect they form an understanding of the text |
voyeurism |
"culture of looking" when people are looking when they are not supposed to be (peeping Tom) |
culture of confession |
culture makes it seem like "therapeutic culture" is important; getting it off your chest. Society thinks that publicizing private things are good |
mean world syndrome |
there is so much crime on news that we become fearful of it. "If it bleeds, it leads." Ex: Cops the TV show. The more you watch TV the more fearful you become of the world |
Cultural imperalism |
"the domination of one culture over another", trying to take everything over. Ex: MTV was criticized for ignoring local culture but since they are such a huge corporation they are able to define what people like because of this |
authorship society |
because technology is so easy to use, everyone is a producer. Instagram and Youtube make everyone think they can be a videographer/photographer |
surveillance |
there is an increase in generalized surveillance and how much we are being watched (i.e facebook) |
work of being watched |
- in old economy- "work of watching"- watching advertising is the work, receiving the program is the wage
-in new economy: "work of being watched"- we are paid for giving up information about ourselves |
The "Big Scare" |
1990s. A lot of media consolidation: big companies buying little companies and turning to action news. This demonstrated violence and crime |
Military entertainment complex |
the portrayal of wars in movies; always “noble wars,” wanting to create condition so that people will be primed for war, want to make president look good |
micromarketing |
When there is a very specific target. Ex: when looking at a pair of shoes on Nordstroms website then you go to your Facebook and those exact pair of shoes are on the sideline |
tabloidization of the news |
O.J Simpson set standard for action news. This is the concept of local news turning to action news. Increase of ratings |
Simulation |
mad rush to produce immediate sense of history, community, and meaning. Rootlessness of wealthy classes and depersonalized (mass produced) |
Jean Baudrillard: Four Orders of Simulation |
1. The thing itself
2. The copy(referring to the thing)
3. Fiction (referring to no thing)
4. the "simlacrum" (copy that only refers to itself) |
celebrity double movement |
getting into personal lives of stars (tabloids) and making stars out of personal lives (reality TV) |
susan holmes: new models of celebrity |
"Not real," "Trash TV," "Showing off"
anyone can be a celebrity and thats what gives us pleasure. It is easy to compare ourselves to them |
Pleasures of reality TV (Susan Holmes) |
Exploitation, empowerment, democracy, authenticity, liveness, the "success myth" |
exploitation |
violating the rules of watching.
-without permission
-pleasure and power in peering into someones life |
empowerment |
who gets to be on TV |
democracy |
viewer has a say so (ex: voting) |
liveness |
when something is happening in real time- get to see shock factor |
the success myth |
the american dream myth. The myth that if you have the guts or the will, you can achieve whatever you want. (Ex: since they're famous, I can be famous too) |
value of the dossier |
the data FB has on each person. Easier to harvest persuasive messages because they have so much information |
interactive vs. spectacular war |
You can be the soldier when playing video games or watching shows like Frontline. Although you are not actually there, by watching or playing it through the TV you feel as though you are there (spectacular war)
|
virtual soldier |
player is not put in charge, however, you are given order to execute |
Jefferson's ideas of intellectual property |
if an individual comes up with an idea and it is beneficial, you shouldn't keep it to yourself and you should share it. Ideas can't be physically owned |
cultural colonalism |
thought process that people in other countries are going to be consuming the same kind of music and music videos and will eventually come around to our way of life |
kinds of intellectual property |
public domain, privatizations (copyright, trademark, patent), fair use |
cultural enclosure |
-corporate impulse to limit competition, want to monopolize and deprive public of that idea unless they're making money off of it
-indefinite extensions (Copyright Extension Act of 1998) Mickey Mouse Act |
McLeod's critique |
-Trademarked "Freedom of Expression"
believes corporations can't own ideas, words, or speech
-thinks culture is a cycle, everything is reused.
-Copyrights act as a birth control: keep culture from evolving and improving
-Did not win his case against AT&T because they have more power
|
creative commons |
a king of copyright that is licensed just to a certain degree. Gives people power to use it in small pieces, allows innovation |
Frankfurt School on Cultural Imperialism |
(concept)
-pop music is a product of the culture industry
-homogenized, standardized
-an opiate, distraction
-failure to distinguish to recognizing the song & liking it
-once an institution gets control & has advantage of setting the rules
-"cultural piracy" strip-mining local culture for profit without thinking of how it destroys uniqueness
|
Fraser's counter-argument to Frankfurt School |
(concept)
-Music isn't expensive to produce
-Music doesn't obey power
-imperative for cultural mixing & innovation
-capitalism must react to fractured culture
-Big 5 invests in local musicians->fracturing
|
The Cola Conquest (Coca Cola video) |
coke trying to break into Chinese market and uproot a cultural tradition (tea) |
privatizations |
copyright- work of art
trademark- a signifying logo or style
patent- an invention, technology |
the amen break example |
6-second drum loop from 1969 song “Amen Brother” that has been used in all kinds of music everywhere
neither drummer (Coleman) nor the copyright owner (Spencer) have ever sought/received any royalties
|
Homogenization |
standardized view of everything, making a homogenous audience to make it easier to advertise
-bands began making fusion music, “world music”; middle eastern, indian, african influences on music, soon became mainstream
|
hegemony |
once organization gets advantage, its hard to beat them because they make the rules |
self busting |
when a company exposes themselves to the public to prove they have nothing to hide (ex: Nike and their sweatshops- to prove that they dont use them) |