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Laboratory Final
Classification Order |
Kingdom King
Phylum Phillip
Class Can
Order Order
Family Fairies
Genus Golliwogs and
Species Spirits |
Homologous Traits |
Shared derived traits |
Analogous Traits or Homoplasies |
Traits that evolved separately in different lineages, like bird and bat wings |
Strepsirhines |
Wet noses (like a dog) called prosimians
Includes lemurs and lorises
Important features:
mandible is not fused
Long snouts
Smaller brains
postorbital bar |
Haplorhines |
dry furry noses (anthropoids)
includes tarsiiformes (tarsiers)
platyrrhines (new world primates - south and central america) catarrhines (old worlds primates - africa and asian, apes, gibbons, great apes, humans, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos, hominins)
Important features:
postorbital plate
large brain
dry noses |
Homologous primate features |
five fingers and toes
retention of a clavicle
Less than 3-1-4-4 dentition (humans are 2-1-2-3)
grasping hands and feet
nails instead of claws
stereoscopic vision
reduced sense of smell
increased brain size |
Order of Epochs |
Paleocene 65-56 mya pigs
Eocene 56-33 mya eat
Oligocene 32-23 mya orange
Miocene 23-5.3 mya mucky
Plio-pleistocene 5.3-10,000 mya poo |
IMI Equation |
Intermembral index
humerus length + radius length
femus length + tibia length X100
long arms have (>100 index), long legs will give (<100) and even length is (=100) |
Carrying angle |
when the femur angles inwards from the hip towards the knee - unique to humans and their fossil relatives |
Earliest member of homo genus |
H. Habilis - coexisted with australopiths and used simple stone tools
then came H. erectus
Then H. sapeins |
AMHS |
Anatomically modern homo sapiens |
Crural Index |
tibia length
------------------
femur length X100 |
Allen's Rule |
Animals in cold climates have shorter extremities |
Bergmann's Rule |
States that animals living in colder climates should have bigger body masses |
Demography |
Population structure and birth, death, and migration rates |
Diaphysis |
Shaft of a human bone |
Epiphyses |
End of a human bone |