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COMM 1113: FINAL EXAM
Roles |
a set of norms that applies to a specific subclass within society
|
Expected vs. |
Enacted
|
Expected Role |
Parents, Teachers, Pastor
|
Enacted |
Leader, follower, christian
|
Role Conflict |
Inter-role and Intrarole
|
Interrole Conflict |
occupying two or more roles that entail contradictory expectations about a given behavior. Ex: friend and test proctor saw friend cheating should tell or just be quiet.
|
Intrarole conflict |
Contradictory expectations concerning a single role
Ex. Children and parents
|
Dialects |
Relationships in terms of contradictory expectations that create tension between two people.
1.Autonomy/Connection (Ex: Parents vs me
2.Certainty/Uncertainty ( certainty some one will "be there"
3.Openness/Closedness ( very revealing of personal info and then concealing all of your feelings.
|
Autonomy/Connection |
The need to be independent and dependent in our interpersonal relationships is dynamic and frequently. Ex: parents vs. me (we pull)
|
Certainty/ Uncertainty |
-Certainty that someone will "be there"
- We seek excitement and spontaneity in our relationship.
|
Openess/Closedness |
-Being open responsive and willing to disclose information (reveal)
-Also have a need to conceal or keep our feelings to ourselves
|
Five most important characteristics of appropriate self-disclosure. |
-it is a function of the ongoing relationship
-it occurs reciprocally
-it is timed to fit what is happening
-it is timed to fit what is happening
-it concerns what is going on within and between persons present
-It moves by small increments
|
When you tell others about personal life |
it fosters trust
|
Love Styles |
-Eros, Ludus, Storge, Pragma, Mania, Agape
|
Eros |
-"love at first sight"
-passion
-intense
|
Ludus |
-"playing the field"
-Game playing
-deception
|
Storge |
-"down to earth, though not passionate"
-Friendship
-Committed
|
Pragma |
-Practical
-Matches traits
|
Mania |
"self-doubt and uncertainty about other person."
"jealousy and emotional"
-possessive
-dependent
|
Agape |
Self-less, "all giving love"
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Social Science Approach
(Psych, Socio) |
-assumes that behavior can be --observed, measured and predicted
- primary interest is in describing and comparing cultures.
-Approach to studying culture
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
Interpretive Approach
(lingustics, Anthropology) |
-Goal is to understand rather than predict behavior.
-Takes perspective from within a culture.
- Communication is seen as creating and maintain.
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Clinical Approach |
-Concerned with the creating change by examining power relationships within cultures
-Ex: women's role in life
- goal is not to just understnd behvaior, but creating change.
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Individualism |
"I" FOR IDENTITY
-Emphasis on individual goals
- Little difference between in-group, out group communicatoion
-saying what you are thinking
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Collectivism |
-Emphasis on in-group's goals
- fitting into in group
- avoiding confrontations in in-group
-"we" identity
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
High-Context |
-More skilled in reading non-verbal behaviors
-speak les, listen more
-indirect and less explicit, assume that other people also be able to do so
-ex: China, japan, south korea
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Low-Context |
-Stress direct and explicit communication
- Emphasize verbal communication
Ex:US, Canada, Germany
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Masculinity |
Masculin cultures value work, strength, competition and assertiveness. Ex:japan, Australia, Venezuela
|
Femininity |
Cultures valuetraits such as compassion nurturing, and interpersonal relationships.
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Ethnocentrism |
Refers to putting one's "nation" at the center
|
Stereotyping |
A generalization about a class of people, object, and events that is widely held by given culture.
|
DEFENSIVE PROJECTION !!!!!!! 333-335 |
DEFENSIVE PROJECTION !!!!!!! 333-335
|
Conformity Pressure |
Person makes initial judgement but then conforms with the groups philosophy due to Peer Pressure
|
Social Comparison |
All humans have a need to evaluate their own opinions and abilities and that when they cannot then they side with those of other people.
|
Forming |
-Learn Task
-Do i fit in?
-Member Quality?
-In or out?
-Build solidarity
|
Storming |
Direct speech, loose identity, Comm. Failures, Control Issue, Affection Issues
|
Norming |
Balance, goals, roles, group cohesion, one unit
|
Performing |
Consensus, productivity, high spirits, withdrawal
|
Wheel |
Most centralized of the four networks, it produces the best organized and fast performancet
|
Chain |
3 people communicate with one on either side of them, but two people can only communicate one person on their side
|
Storming |
Direct speech, loose identity, Comm. Failures, Control Issue, Affection Issues
|
Norming |
Balance, goals, roles, group cohesion, one unit
|
Performing |
Consensus, productivity, high spirits, withdrawal
|
Wheel |
Most centralized of the four networks, it produces the best organized and fast performancet
|
Chain |
3 people communicate with one on either side of them, but two people can only communicate one person on their side
|
Six common Difficulties that small groups encountering certain contexts |
-Group objectives are not clearly stated or agreed upon
-Group members do not come up with enough ideas
-The group does not carry through discussion of each issue until it is resolved
-Members rarely help one another
-Conflict between members becomes so intense that it is counterproductive
-Conclusions are not reached or agreed upon
|