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ISS 210: EXAM 1
Scientific Hypothesis |
specific prediction in the form of an "If....then" statement
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Scientific Law |
well-established general principles and regularities (law of gravity, law of evolution)
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Scientific Theory |
possible explanation of an observation
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possible explanation of an observation
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focus on a social phenomena
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Empirical reality |
what we know through our senses
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Interpretive Approach |
focus on the world of meaning and symbols
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liberal arts vs. applied fields |
able to read, write, and think critically vs. general ideas used to investigate problems
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methodological naturalism |
assumption that the universe is real
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one-system feilds |
thinking about one thing; precise
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multi-system feilds |
having different "schools" of thought; less precise
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ontology |
ontological naturalism- assumption that "nothing exists except for nature", no supernatural forces or beings
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positivist approach |
use assumptions, methods, and models that resemble those of natural sciences
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prediction |
predictive aspects of modeling
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synthesis |
takes multiple sources into a whole
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analysis |
breaks down the text in order to look at the part
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social scale |
size of the social group involved. In this course "the individual" and "the society"
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positivist research |
finding generalities that apply to different situations, us the "individual" to provide different data points
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phenomenological research |
interpret feeling and understanding individual experience; focus on low individuals how they felt
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agency |
individual autonomy, has the ability to act and make decisions
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ecological fallacy |
error in logic where inappropriately applies a group characteristics to the individual scale
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scientism/reductionism |
involves over-simplification of a complex issue into a single factor, or very small number of factors
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simple models |
has few points or relationships when presenting data
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complex models |
has lots of points or relationships when presenting data
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union of sets |
merging together, all together
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intersection of sets |
like this....also this
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fuzzy sets |
boundaries are not necessarily so well defined
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index value/variable |
comparison that you think in relevant
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proxy measure/variable |
when something cannot be measured directly a proxy is used
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teleological explanation |
confuses effect with function or purpose
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functional explanation |
describes what is, not origins or range of variation. Must link observation and inference through some other idea
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testable model |
has information available however that is obtainable, provides results
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casual functional questions |
asks about the mechanism or process
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necessary condition |
have to have condition
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sufficient condition |
need only condition
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contributing condition |
like a catalyst - speeds up a reaction condition
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precipitating condition |
tipping point condtion
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exchange models |
involving new information, the decision is open ended and they come with a cost
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adaption models |
assume people learn from experience, and that the environment provides accurate and timely feedback
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diffusion models |
people can learn from others not just form their own experiences
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Invisible Hand of the Market |
unintended social benefits resulting from individual actions
Adam Smith
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Primary source |
original source of information
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secondary source |
comments on a primary source
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tertiary source |
any kind of summary document or commentary or review
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labor theory value |
economic value of a good or service should be related to the amount of labor required to produce it
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mechanical solidarity |
social relationships on similarity
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organic solidarity |
relationships of inter-dependence between people that arises from differentiation
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cultural landscape |
idea that the natural environment is not just "out there" but humans create a cultural landscape though use
Sauer
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cultural ecology |
study of interactions between people and the natural environment
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environmental determinism |
idea that climate or environment neccessairly and results in some human characteristics
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neurosis |
hysteria would stem from repression, involves cognition, emotional response, self-control, social relationships
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psychosis |
person loses touch with reality.
Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis
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Id |
oldest and most animal instinct of life, sex, and dealth
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Ego |
unconscious mind(urges)
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Super Ego |
represents the "civilizing" part of the brain --- logical, rational part of brain
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vocation |
job calling
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bureaucracy |
organizing labor withing the organization or institution
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Evolutionary economics |
linking of Darwins ideas of competition, adaption, survival to explain
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Etic |
outsiders point of view
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EMIC |
insiders point of veiw
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Rational |
logical, objective, not emotional
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Patriarchal |
society traces through the father, en are in charge of the house
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Matriarchal |
descent through the mother, but the women's brother would be in charge of the house
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Pastoral Economy |
based on herding animals, tending of animals; animal husbandry
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Pasoralism |
ideal state of being, beauty and harmony; care and breeding of crops and animals
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Calvinism |
type of christian Protestantism, highly ascetic (minimalist, plain)
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Jefferson Democracy |
de-centralized power, and idea that emphasizes federal regulation, responsibility, and so on
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Calvalier |
from Southwestern England; status conscious and hierarchical in organization
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Protestant Christians |
rejected the authority of the Pope
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Scots-Irish |
highly independent, distrustful of governments and authority
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Puritans |
from Anglia; seeking religious freedom and were very egalitarian and group oriented
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Clans |
group of relatives; people who are kin to one another
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Libertarian ideas |
evaluates the individual above group needs or issues
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repression |
refers to the status of commoners in the hierarchical states of Europe who were ruled by an aristocracy
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Egalitarian |
all people are created equal
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Nobleness oblige |
people with inherited status had a moral responsibility toward the lower status and less fourtunate
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Quakers |
North England; emphasizes egalitarian relationships and group harmony
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