View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (41)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
PSY - P 324 : EXAM 1
A Psychological Disorder is... |
a psychological dysfunction
associated with distress and impaired functioning
and a response that is not typical/not culturally expected (is age appropriate?) |
Psychological Dysfunction is a breakdown in functioning of..... |
cognitive (thinking)
emotional (feeling)
behavioral (actions) |
To be a psychological disorder, you must look at ____ |
all 3 criteria or is considered inadequate when considered alone |
Psychopathology is... |
a scientific study of psychological disorders
measurable (empirical)
using your senses |
The Psychoanalytic Model.... |
Freud=powerful inner forces=unconscious
shapes personality and motivated behavior |
Psychoanalytic has 2 drivers: |
sex: present at birth, anything to do with pleasure
aggression |
Superego=__
|
angel on shoulder
conscience (difference between right and wrong) |
The Learning Model is ___ |
behavioral |
Classical Conditioning |
learn relationship between stimuli=person reacts to stimuli |
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) →Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
UCS (unleanred)=food
UCR (unlearned)=dog salvation |
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) → Conditioned Response (CR) |
CS=(learned) bell
CR=(learned) dog salivation when bell rings |
Fear is always the ____and ___ |
UCR and CR |
Operant Conditioning |
person acts on the environment=focus on consequence |
Reinforcement___the behavior |
increases |
Punishment__the behavior
|
decreases |
Example of Reinforcement |
Cleans, so give like
Cleans, so take away don't like |
Example of Punishment |
Complains, so give don't like
Complains, so take away like |
Cognitive Models |
irrational, distorted thoughts lead to problem
Ex: breakup leads to thinking I'm ugly which leads to being depressed |
Biological Models... |
family studies: look at relatives
same disorder→amount of genes shared |
The three parts of the Diathesis-Stress Model...
|
diathesis: an inherited predisposition for developing a disorder
stress: environmental stressor
Disorder: not established until stress is present |
High Diathesis.... |
doesn't need much stress |
Low Diathesis... |
takes much more stress |
Diagnosis definition |
the identification and labeling of a disease based on its signs and symptoms |
To diagnose... |
collect info from a variety of sources and look at patterns/set of symptoms to assign diagnosis |
Ways to do this include... |
interview the client, family and friends
do evaluations/tests
observation, reactivity:behavior change being observed |
What are the 2 values of diagnosis? |
Determines treatment (tells us the cause/etiology and course of prognosis)
facilitates communication between health providers |
Szasz's view of mental illness |
many "mental illness" are problems of living |
Szasz: problems when giving someone a diagnostic label |
they can lose personal responsibility
people begin to only see them as their label |
Rosenhan experiment |
tried to examine validity of psychological diagnosis
sent "normal" (pseudo patients) to a mental hospital for auditory hallucinations
once admitted, given diagnosis of schizophrenia
they acted normally and patients saw them as normal but staff saw them as their label |
DSM definition |
standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States |
Issues to consider for DSM... |
reliability (consistency)
Validity: if it measures what it is supposed to measure |
Early versions were... |
psychoanalytic (theory driven)
had vague descriptions
had low reliability |
Later versions had... |
no etiology (no guidelines for treatment)
systematic description (symptoms)
higher reliability and validity |
DSM V: 350 disorders |
arranged by diagnostic criteria (symptoms)
high reliability |
Psychological testing Inventories |
objective tests
structured, forced choice format (True/False)
Types: IQ (assess general functioning) |
MMPI |
designed to discriminate between "normals" and psychiatric groups
measurable scales: clinical scales, validity scales that detect suspicious response patterns (faking good or bad) |
How did they do MMPIs? |
developed a lot of questions
administered to different groups
went to Psychiatric hospitals with people who have already been diagnosed and decided to keep or separate groups
then determined the "face" validity: if looks like it's measuring what it's supposed to |
Projective Tests |
used by Psychoanalytic practitioners
project unconscious needs, desires, and conflicts onto ambiguous stimuli
low reliability and low validity |
Types of Projective Tests |
subjective, unstructured, individually administerd
Rorschach
TAT tests |
Rorschach Tests |
symmetrical inkblots, black and white color
score on content, part of card, common/unusual answer |
TAT tests |
pictures of ambiguous scenes-generate story
evaluate structure, content of stories, client behavior |