PSY - P 324 : EXAM 1
41 Cards in this Set
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A Psychological Disorder is...
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a psychological dysfunction
associated with distress and impaired functioning
and a response that is not typical/not culturally expected (is age appropriate?)
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Psychological Dysfunction is a breakdown in functioning of.....
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cognitive (thinking)
emotional (feeling)
behavioral (actions)
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To be a psychological disorder, you must look at ____
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all 3 criteria or is considered inadequate when considered alone
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Psychopathology is...
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a scientific study of psychological disorders
measurable (empirical)
using your senses
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The Psychoanalytic Model....
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Freud=powerful inner forces=unconscious
shapes personality and motivated behavior
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Psychoanalytic has 2 drivers:
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sex: present at birth, anything to do with pleasure
aggression
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Superego=__
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angel on shoulder
conscience (difference between right and wrong)
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The Learning Model is ___
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behavioral
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Classical Conditioning
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learn relationship between stimuli=person reacts to stimuli
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Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) →Unconditioned Response (UCR)
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UCS (unleanred)=food
UCR (unlearned)=dog salvation
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS) → Conditioned Response (CR)
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CS=(learned) bell
CR=(learned) dog salivation when bell rings
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Fear is always the ____and ___
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UCR and CR
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Operant Conditioning
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person acts on the environment=focus on consequence
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Reinforcement___the behavior
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increases
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Punishment__the behavior
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decreases
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Example of Reinforcement
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Cleans, so give like
Cleans, so take away don't like
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Example of Punishment
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Complains, so give don't like
Complains, so take away like
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Cognitive Models
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irrational, distorted thoughts lead to problem
Ex: breakup leads to thinking I'm ugly which leads to being depressed
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Biological Models...
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family studies: look at relatives
same disorder→amount of genes shared
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The three parts of the Diathesis-Stress Model...
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diathesis: an inherited predisposition for developing a disorder
stress: environmental stressor
Disorder: not established until stress is present
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High Diathesis....
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doesn't need much stress
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Low Diathesis...
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takes much more stress
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Diagnosis definition
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the identification and labeling of a disease based on its signs and symptoms
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To diagnose...
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collect info from a variety of sources and look at patterns/set of symptoms to assign diagnosis
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Ways to do this include...
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interview the client, family and friends
do evaluations/tests
observation, reactivity:behavior change being observed
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What are the 2 values of diagnosis?
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Determines treatment (tells us the cause/etiology and course of prognosis)
facilitates communication between health providers
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Szasz's view of mental illness
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many "mental illness" are problems of living
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Szasz: problems when giving someone a diagnostic label
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they can lose personal responsibility
people begin to only see them as their label
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Rosenhan experiment
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tried to examine validity of psychological diagnosis
sent "normal" (pseudo patients) to a mental hospital for auditory hallucinations
once admitted, given diagnosis of schizophrenia
they acted normally and patients saw them as normal but staff saw them as their label
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DSM definition
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standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States
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Issues to consider for DSM...
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reliability (consistency)
Validity: if it measures what it is supposed to measure
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Early versions were...
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psychoanalytic (theory driven)
had vague descriptions
had low reliability
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Later versions had...
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no etiology (no guidelines for treatment)
systematic description (symptoms)
higher reliability and validity
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DSM V: 350 disorders
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arranged by diagnostic criteria (symptoms)
high reliability
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Psychological testing Inventories
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objective tests
structured, forced choice format (True/False)
Types: IQ (assess general functioning)
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MMPI
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designed to discriminate between "normals" and psychiatric groups
measurable scales: clinical scales, validity scales that detect suspicious response patterns (faking good or bad)
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How did they do MMPIs?
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developed a lot of questions
administered to different groups
went to Psychiatric hospitals with people who have already been diagnosed and decided to keep or separate groups
then determined the "face" validity: if looks like it's measuring what it's supposed to
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Projective Tests
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used by Psychoanalytic practitioners
project unconscious needs, desires, and conflicts onto ambiguous stimuli
low reliability and low validity
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Types of Projective Tests
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subjective, unstructured, individually administerd
Rorschach
TAT tests
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Rorschach Tests
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symmetrical inkblots, black and white color
score on content, part of card, common/unusual answer
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TAT tests
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pictures of ambiguous scenes-generate story
evaluate structure, content of stories, client behavior
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