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PSY 380: EXAM 2
Centration` |
Focuses on one idea, excluding all others |
Focus on appearance |
Ignores all attributes that are not apparent |
Static reasoning |
Nothing changes; whatever is now has been and always will be |
Irreversibility |
Nothing can be undone, a thing cannot be restored to the way it was before a change occurred |
Conservation |
Principle that the amount of a substance remains the same when its appearance changes |
Theory-theory |
Children attempt to explain everything they see and hear |
Fast-mapping |
Speedy and sometimes imprecise word-learning |
Logical extension |
Occurs when children use words to describe other objects in same category |
Over-regularization |
Application of rules of grammar even when exceptions occur |
Effortful control |
Ability to regulate one's emotions & actions through effort |
Extrinsic motivation |
Arises from the need to have achievements rewarded from outside |
Intrinsic motivation |
Behavior driven by internal rewards |
Overjustification effect |
Extrinsic motivation undermines intrinsic motivation |
Oedipus complex |
Young boys attracted to mom and see dad as obstacle |
Electra complex |
Young girls attracted to dad and see mom as obstacle |
Authoritarian |
High behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, little communication |
Permissive |
High nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control |
Authoritative |
Parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children |
Neglectful/uninvolved |
Parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what's going on in their lives |
Selective attention |
Concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others |
Automaticity |
Repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine |
Flynn Effect |
Rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades |
Transitive inference |
Ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another |
Seriation |
Includes knowledge that things can be arranged in logical series |
Self-concept |
Contains ideas about self that include intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnicity |
Social comparison |
Comparing one's attributes to those of others |
Ostracism |
Being ignored/excluded by people around you |
Preconventional moral reasoning |
Emphasizes reward and punishments |
Conventional moral reasoning |
Emphasizes social rules |
Postconventional moral reasoning |
emphasizes moral principles |