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Nutrition
What are other things you should know about Thiamin? |
-Non-toxic
-When physical activity increases; needs increase
-Lost in cooking water |
Riboflavin |
- AKA B2
-Water Soluble
*Very sensetive to light (Can be lost in glass milk bottles) |
What are the functions of Riboflavin? |
-helps energy metabolism
-Transfers energy to ATP |
Group risks that lack Riboflavin |
-Alcoholics
-People w/ liver disease
-Diabetics |
Riboflavin Sources |
-Enriched flour products
-Milk
-Green leafy vegetables |
Niacin |
-AKA B3
-Water soluble
*Can be used as a hypercholestrolemia drug
*Toxic on high levels |
Functions of Niacin |
-Transfer of energy from ATP
-Forms Fatty Acids |
Deficiency symptoms for Niacin |
-Pellagra: Extremely dry skin, diarriea, dementia, DEATH
|
Group risk that lack Niacin |
-Alcoholics
-Low protein intake
|
Niacin Sources |
-Whole grains
-Enrich flour
- Protein w/ tryptophan (EAA) |
Pantothenate |
-AKA B5
-Water soluble |
Fuctions of Pantothenate |
-Aerobic energy metabolism
-Fatty Acid synthesis
|
Pantothenic Deficency Symptoms |
Weakness
|
Group risk who lack Pantothenic |
-Very rare but is available all over the world
-Malabsorption |
Pantothenate sources |
Found everywhere
|
Biotin |
-AKA B7
-Water soluble |
Biotin Functions |
Enery metabolism |
Biotin Deficiency |
Weakness
|
Group risks that lack Biotin |
-People who eat a lot of raw egg whites
- VERY RARE |
Biotin sources |
-Meat
-Milk
-Egg yolk
-Nuts |
Chromium |
-Trace mineral
|
Function of Chromium |
Enhances ability of insulin to transport glucose from the blood to cells |
Chromium deficiency |
rise in blood glucose levels |
Chromium |
Whole grain
Mushrooms
Nuts
Cereal |
Iodine |
Trace mineral
*Iodine during pregnancy can lead to risk od mental impairment in infant |
Fuctions of Iodine |
Synthesis of thyroid hormones (Reglulates body temp. and metabolic rate)
|
Iodine Deficency |
Goiter
Weaknes
Weight gain
|
Iodine Sources |
Iodized salt
Seafood
Dairy foods |
Hunger |
PYSIOLOGICAL drive to eat |
Appetite |
PSYCHOLOGICAL drive to eat
|
Satiation |
A state were both drives are statisfied and there is no longer a desire to eat |
Hypothalamus |
Group of cells at the base of the brain that participate in regulatory functions
Fighting
Feeding
Fleading
Fucking
|
Energy Balance |
Relationship between intake and energy expenditure |
Positive Energy Balance |
Intake > Expenditure |
Negative Energy Balance |
Intake < Expenditure |
Components of Energy Expenditure |
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- Amount of calories burned
Physical activity
Thermic effect of food-Amount of energy expands
Heat production
NEAT- Non excersice Activity Thermogensis
|
Factors that affect BMR |
-Gender
-Lean Body Mass
-Age
-Height
-Nutritional status
-Fever
-Pregnancy + lactation
-Environmental Temperature
-Phtsical activity
-Thermic Effect of food
|
Consequences of Energy Imbalance |
-Obesity |
Obesity |
Health risks:
-CVD
-Hypertension
-Type II diabeties
-Cancer
-Osteoarthritis
-Complications during surgery
-Emotional disturbances
-Gallbladder disease
-Fatty liver disease |
Body Weight |
Desirable body weight
Determined by reference to weight-for-height charts
|
Hawmi method |
Females: 100 lbs for 5 feet plus 5 lbs for every inch
Males: 106 lbs for 5 feet plus 6 lbs for every inch |
Interpretative Guidelines |
Over weight >10% desireable range
Mild obesity > 20% desireable range
Moderate > 40% desireable range
Severe Obseity > 100 % desireable range |
Causes of Obesity |
MAIN CAUSE: Engery imbalance
-Gene defects
-metabolic Influences |
Metabolic Influence |
Set-point Theory |