44 Cards in this Set
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What are other things you should know about Thiamin?
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-Non-toxic
-When physical activity increases; needs increase
-Lost in cooking water
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Riboflavin
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- AKA B2
-Water Soluble
*Very sensetive to light (Can be lost in glass milk bottles)
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What are the functions of Riboflavin?
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-helps energy metabolism
-Transfers energy to ATP
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Group risks that lack Riboflavin
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-Alcoholics
-People w/ liver disease
-Diabetics
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Riboflavin Sources
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-Enriched flour products
-Milk
-Green leafy vegetables
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Niacin
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-AKA B3
-Water soluble
*Can be used as a hypercholestrolemia drug
*Toxic on high levels
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Functions of Niacin
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-Transfer of energy from ATP
-Forms Fatty Acids
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Deficiency symptoms for Niacin
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-Pellagra: Extremely dry skin, diarriea, dementia, DEATH
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Group risk that lack Niacin
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-Alcoholics
-Low protein intake
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Niacin Sources
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-Whole grains
-Enrich flour
- Protein w/ tryptophan (EAA)
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Pantothenate
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-AKA B5
-Water soluble
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Fuctions of Pantothenate
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-Aerobic energy metabolism
-Fatty Acid synthesis
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Pantothenic Deficency Symptoms
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Weakness
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Group risk who lack Pantothenic
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-Very rare but is available all over the world
-Malabsorption
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Pantothenate sources
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Found everywhere
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Biotin
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-AKA B7
-Water soluble
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Biotin Functions
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Enery metabolism
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Biotin Deficiency
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Weakness
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Group risks that lack Biotin
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-People who eat a lot of raw egg whites
- VERY RARE
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Biotin sources
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-Meat
-Milk
-Egg yolk
-Nuts
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Chromium
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-Trace mineral
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Function of Chromium
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Enhances ability of insulin to transport glucose from the blood to cells
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Chromium deficiency
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rise in blood glucose levels
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Chromium
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Whole grain
Mushrooms
Nuts
Cereal
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Iodine
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Trace mineral
*Iodine during pregnancy can lead to risk od mental impairment in infant
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Fuctions of Iodine
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Synthesis of thyroid hormones (Reglulates body temp. and metabolic rate)
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Iodine Deficency
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Goiter
Weaknes
Weight gain
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Iodine Sources
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Iodized salt
Seafood
Dairy foods
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Hunger
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PYSIOLOGICAL drive to eat
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Appetite
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PSYCHOLOGICAL drive to eat
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Satiation
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A state were both drives are statisfied and there is no longer a desire to eat
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Hypothalamus
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Group of cells at the base of the brain that participate in regulatory functions
Fighting
Feeding
Fleading
Fucking
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Energy Balance
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Relationship between intake and energy expenditure
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Positive Energy Balance
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Intake > Expenditure
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Negative Energy Balance
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Intake < Expenditure
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Components of Energy Expenditure
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- Amount of calories burned
Physical activity
Thermic effect of food-Amount of energy expands
Heat production
NEAT- Non excersice Activity Thermogensis
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Factors that affect BMR
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-Gender
-Lean Body Mass
-Age
-Height
-Nutritional status
-Fever
-Pregnancy + lactation
-Environmental Temperature
-Phtsical activity
-Thermic Effect of food
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Consequences of Energy Imbalance
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-Obesity
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Obesity
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Health risks:
-CVD
-Hypertension
-Type II diabeties
-Cancer
-Osteoarthritis
-Complications during surgery
-Emotional disturbances
-Gallbladder disease
-Fatty liver disease
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Body Weight
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Desirable body weight
Determined by reference to weight-for-height charts
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Hawmi method
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Females: 100 lbs for 5 feet plus 5 lbs for every inch
Males: 106 lbs for 5 feet plus 6 lbs for every inch
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Interpretative Guidelines
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Over weight >10% desireable range
Mild obesity > 20% desireable range
Moderate > 40% desireable range
Severe Obseity > 100 % desireable range
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Causes of Obesity
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MAIN CAUSE: Engery imbalance
-Gene defects
-metabolic Influences
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Metabolic Influence
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Set-point Theory
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NTR 108: Exam I