BIOL 1100: Midterm 3
41 Cards in this Set
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homologous chromosomes separate
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Meiosis involves the creation of haploid cells from diploid cells. The haploid chromosome number is created when___.
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Meiosis II takes place in the haploid cell and mitosis takes place in the diploid cell
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what is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis?
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Sister chromatids seperate in mitosis, and homologues seperate in meiosis 1
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What is the major difference between mitosis and meoisos 1
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synapsis
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crossover, the exchange of segments of homologous chromosomes, takes place during which of the following processes?
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carry information for the same traits
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Homologous chromosomes_____
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8
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the egg of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes. how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a fruit fly.
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6n
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chromosome number of hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum, can be represented by which of the following?
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16
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the diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. you have a male and a female roundworm that are planning a family. assuming there is no crossover, and random segregation of homologues during meoisis, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring?…
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crossing over random process of fertilization random alignment of homologues during meiosis I
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the variation among offspring, and the fact that they are genetically different from their, is due to which of the following
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Both parents must be heterozygous
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A man and woman are both of normal pigmentation and have a child who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). Albinism is an is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. what are the genotypes of the albinos parents?
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1/4
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A man and woman are both of normal pigmentation, but both have one parent who is albino (without melanin pigmentation). Albinism is an autosomal (not sex-linked) recessive trait. what is the probability that their first child will be an albino?
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25%
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in tigers, a recessive allele causes a white tiger (absence of fur pigmentation). If two phenotypically normal tigers that are heterozygous at this locus are mated, what percentage of their offspring is expected to be white?
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3/8
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Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease caused by a recessive autosomal allele. if a woman and her husband are both carriers what is the probability that their first child will be a pheotypically normal girl?
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one fourth of their sons will be color blind and have blue eyes, 1/4 of their sons will be color blind and have brown eyes, 1/4 of their sons will have normal color vision and blue eyes, 1/4 their sons will have normal color vision and brown eyes
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in humans, blue eyes are inherited as a recessive autosomal trait and color blindness is an x-linked recessive trait. a woman whit blue eyes and normal color vision whose father was color blind marries a man who also has normal color vision. he has brown eyes, but his mother has blue ey…
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complementary base pairingd
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the fact that within a double-stranded dna molecule, adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine and cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine is known as______
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semiconservative replication
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dna is synthesized through a process known as ______
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the 3' OH
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in the polymerization of dna, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and ____ of the last nucleotide in the polymer.
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the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate subrates
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what provides the energy for the polymerization reactions in DNA synthesis?
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the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate substrates
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what provides the energy for the polymerization reactions in DNA synthesis ?
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the leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 5' to 3' direction
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what is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?
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the parent strand is methylated
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in the mismatch repair process, enzyme complezes replace bases that were incorecctly inserted into the newly synthesized DNa strand. to function they must be able to distinguish between the parent DNA strand and the new strand. how is this accomplished?
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the proofreading mechanism of DNA polymerase was not working properly
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researchers found E coli that had mutation rates 100 times higher than normal. what is possible explanation for these results?
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the ends of linear chromosomes
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what is a telmoere
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histones
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chromosomes contain large amounts of interacting proteins known as...
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nucleosomes
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the basic structure of chromatin has sometimes been referred to as beads on a string of DNA. These beads are called
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a total of 23
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Each diploid cell of a human female contains ____ of each type of chromosome
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they come from only one of the individual's parents
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which of the following statements about homologous chromosome pairs is false?
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karyotype
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the diagnosis of down syndrom is made by examing the individual's
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normal meiosis has occured
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a potato has a diploid number of 48. if an egg of this plant has 23 chromosomes, the most likely explanation is that...
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nondisjunction
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a person with klinefelter syndrom has 44 chromosomes and three sex chromosomes (XXY). the resulting aneuploidy is caused by..
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they are lethal and cause spontaneous abortion of the embryo early in development
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many chromosome abnormalities (trisomies and monosomies) are not observed in the human population...
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alleles
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different forms of gene are called
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phenotype
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the physical appearance of a character is called
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dominance and recessiveness
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if a trait not expressed in the F1 generation reappears in the F2 generation, the inheritance of the trait in question is an example of
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pleitotropy
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the genetic disease blue sclera is determined by an autosomal dominant allele. the eyes of individuals with this allele have bluish sclera. these same individuals may also suffer from fragile bones and deafness. this is an example of
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of the segregation of the X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis
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it is predictable that half of the human babies born will be male and half will be female because
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hemizygous
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a human male carrying an allele for a trait on the X chromosome is
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not sex linked
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when recoprocal crosses produce identical results, the trait is
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400
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it has been found that a certain locus of the human genome, 200 different alleles exist in the population. each person has at most _____ alleles
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dihybrid
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in a ____ cross, genes for two different characters separate
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the genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms)
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what does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?
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BIOL 1100: FINAL EXAM