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PSYC 2101: Adjustment Final
excitement phase
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Engorgement of blood vessels; increased blood flow to genitals; lubrication & partial erection
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plateau phase
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Increase in blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing, more complete penile erection & vaginal lubrication
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orgasm
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“time is standing still”; explosive discharge of neuromuscular tension & intense pleasurable feeling; Female differences exist: single, multiple, none
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resolution
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Blood vessels return to normal state;
oFemales – may experience orgasm immediately afterwards with stimulation;
oMales – refractory period = several minutes or a day depending on several variables including age
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androgens
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class of hormones that predominate in males and are produced by testes in males (but glands are in both male and female)
-testosterone is an androgen
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pheromones
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scented substances that are powerful sexual attractants in some animals: scent of urine during ovulation indicates acceptance to mate
-Role of pheromones in humans is being debated
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cognition
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Plays an important role in sexuality
-Language, erotic images, fantasy images of sexual activity
-Thoughts that inhibit: sexually attracted to someone, but caution to take time to know person better
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sexual scripts
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stereotyped patterns of expectancies for how people should behave sexually
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traditional religious script
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sex is accepted only within marriage
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romantic script
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sex is synonymous with love (if a person is in love, acceptable to have sex)
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a person's sexual orientation is most likely caused by?
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-Genetic [androgen levels]
-Hormonal
-Cognitive
-Environmental factors
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sexual communication
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both verbal and nonverbal.
sex can be conceptualized by a form of communication
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fetishism
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reliance on a specific object for gratification
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transvestism
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dressing as a member of the opposite sex
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pedophilia
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sexual gratification from child
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exhibitonism
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exposing sexual anatomy for gratification
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voyeurism
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observing sex organs or sex acts of others
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sadism
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inflicting pain on partner for gratification
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masochism
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deriving gratification from receiving pain
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bacteria caused sti's
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syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia.
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virus caused sti's
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genital herpes, HPV, aids.
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deviant behavior
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atypical behavior, deviates from acceptable norms
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maladaptive behavior
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personal distress
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personal distress
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person does not feel right
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biological factors that lead to psycho disorders
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-abnormalities in brain structure
-imbalances in neurotransmitters or hormones, i.e., serotonin, dopamine,acitycholine
-disordered genes
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psychodynamic perspective
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psychological disorders arise from unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety
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behavioral perspective
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rewards and punishments in the environment shape abnormal behavior
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social cognitive perspective`
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environment, observational learning, expectancies, self-efficacy, self-control, and beliefs are key factors in abnormal behavior
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social cultural approach
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emphasis on larger social contexts in which a person lives (individual’s marriage or family, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, culture)
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biopsychosocial approach
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interactionist approach.
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problems with DSM
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-it labels every day problems as disorders
-its biased toward finding something wrong
-it puts labels on people
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generalized anxiety disorder
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Consists of persistent anxiety over at least one month; the individual with this disorder cannot specify reasons for the anxiety
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panic disorder
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Anxiety disorder marked by recurrentsudden onset of intense apprehension or terror
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agoraphobia
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Cluster of fears centered around public places and being unable to escape or to find help should one become incapacitated
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phobic disorder
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anxiety disorder in which individual hasirrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation
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OCD
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individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away (obsession), and/or;
urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation (compulsion)
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mood disorders
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psychological disorders in which there is a disturbance in mood (prolonged emotion that colors the individual’s entire emotional state)
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disorganized schizophrenia
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delusions and hallucinations that have no meaning
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catatonic schizo
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bizarre motor behavior, sometimes an immobile stupor; waxy flexibility
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paranoid schizo
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delusions of reference, grandeur, and persecution
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undifferentiated schizo
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disorganized behavior, hallucinations, delusions, and incoherence; symptoms do not meet any one of above categories
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schizoid
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inadequate social relationships
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schizotypal
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odd thinking patterns
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histronic
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tend to overreact
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narcissistic
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unrealistic sense of self-importance
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borderline
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emotionally unstable
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antisocial
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guiltless, law-breaking, self-indulgent, irresponsible, and intrusive
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