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excitement phase
Engorgement of blood vessels; increased blood flow to genitals; lubrication & partial erection
plateau phase
Increase in blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing, more complete penile erection & vaginal lubrication
orgasm
“time is standing still”; explosive discharge of neuromuscular tension & intense pleasurable feeling; Female differences exist:  single, multiple, none
resolution
Blood vessels return to normal state; oFemales – may experience orgasm immediately afterwards with stimulation; oMales – refractory period = several minutes or a day depending on several variables including age
androgens
class of hormones that predominate in males and are produced by testes in males (but glands are in both male and female) -testosterone is an androgen
pheromones
scented substances that are powerful sexual attractants in some animals: scent of urine during ovulation indicates acceptance to mate -Role of pheromones in humans is being debated
cognition
Plays an important role in sexuality -Language, erotic images, fantasy images of sexual activity -Thoughts that inhibit:  sexually attracted to someone, but caution to take time to know person better
sexual scripts
stereotyped patterns of expectancies for how people should behave sexually
traditional religious script
sex is accepted only within marriage
romantic script
sex is synonymous with love  (if a person is in love, acceptable to have sex)
a person's sexual orientation is most likely caused by?
-Genetic  [androgen levels] -Hormonal -Cognitive -Environmental factors
sexual communication
both verbal and nonverbal. sex can be conceptualized by a form of communication
fetishism
reliance on a specific object for gratification
transvestism
dressing as a member of the opposite sex
pedophilia
sexual gratification from child
exhibitonism
exposing sexual anatomy for gratification
voyeurism
observing sex organs or sex acts of others
sadism
inflicting pain on partner for gratification
masochism
deriving gratification from receiving pain
bacteria caused sti's
syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia.
virus caused sti's
genital herpes, HPV, aids.
deviant behavior
atypical behavior, deviates from acceptable norms
maladaptive behavior
personal distress
personal distress
person does not feel right
biological factors that lead to psycho disorders
-abnormalities in brain structure -imbalances in neurotransmitters or hormones, i.e., serotonin, dopamine,acitycholine -disordered genes
psychodynamic perspective
psychological disorders arise from unconscious conflicts that produce anxiety
behavioral perspective
rewards and punishments in the environment shape abnormal behavior
social cognitive perspective`
environment, observational learning, expectancies, self-efficacy, self-control, and beliefs are key factors in abnormal behavior
social cultural approach
emphasis on larger social contexts in which a person lives (individual’s marriage or family, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, culture)
biopsychosocial approach
interactionist approach.
problems with DSM
-it labels every day problems as disorders -its biased toward finding something wrong -it puts labels on people
generalized anxiety disorder
Consists of persistent anxiety over at least one month; the individual with this disorder cannot specify reasons for the anxiety
panic disorder
Anxiety disorder marked by recurrentsudden onset of intense apprehension or terror
agoraphobia
Cluster of fears centered  around public places and being unable to escape or to find help should one become incapacitated
phobic disorder
anxiety disorder in which individual hasirrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation
OCD
individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away (obsession), and/or; urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation (compulsion)
mood disorders
psychological disorders in which there is a disturbance in mood (prolonged emotion that colors the individual’s entire emotional state)
disorganized schizophrenia
delusions and hallucinations that have no meaning
catatonic schizo
bizarre motor behavior, sometimes an immobile stupor; waxy flexibility
paranoid schizo
delusions of reference, grandeur, and persecution
undifferentiated schizo
disorganized behavior, hallucinations, delusions, and incoherence; symptoms do not meet any one of above categories
schizoid
inadequate social relationships
schizotypal
odd thinking patterns
histronic
tend to overreact
narcissistic
unrealistic sense of self-importance
borderline
emotionally unstable
antisocial
guiltless, law-breaking, self-indulgent, irresponsible, and intrusive

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