79 Cards in this Set
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A system of four currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basin is collectively called:
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gyre
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ekman spiral is not influenced by coriolis, true or false
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false
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Currents tend to move in large ____ patterns in the northern hemisphere.
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clockwise
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The only ocean current that continues in an uninterrupted circle around the circumference of the Earth without encountering land is the:
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Antarctic Circumpoler current
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Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are:
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western boundary currents
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The Canary Current is an example of a(n):
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shallow, cold water current
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North Atlantic Deep Water generally moves ____ than the surface currents above, and flows in ____ direction as the Gulf Stream.
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slower; the opposite
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The densest water in ocean currents is the
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coldest and saltiest
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A transverse current is
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a surface current that connects eastern-boundary and western-boundary currents.
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Which ocean surface current transports the greatest volume of water?
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The Antarctic Circumpolar Current
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The main force driving thermohaline circulation is:
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density
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Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current? (canary current, west australian current, benguela current, gulf stream)
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gulf stream
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The North Atlantic gyre is composed of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the North Equatorial Current, true or false
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true
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Where does 80% of the garbage in the North Pacific Garbage patch come from?
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land
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what is the main force driving surface currents?
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wind
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The Eastern Austrailian Current (EAC) is an example of a ____ Boundary Current
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western
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Eastern Boundary Currents are broad currents with poorly defined boundaries, true or false
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true
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The Canary Current is an example of a ______ Boundary Current.
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eastern
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what is deep water circulation driven by?
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density differences
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How is Antarctic Bottom Water formed?
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wind
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The distance measured from trough to trough of a wave is:
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the wavelength
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The period of wind waves is usually expressed in
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seconds
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the ultimate height of a wind wave will depend on
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-the fetch
-the length of time the wind blows
- the velocity of the wind
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As wind waves move out of a storm area....
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the waves are sorted by velocity and form the swell
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Near shore, if the wave crests are 200 feet apart, the wave will "feel" bottom when the depth is about:
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100 ft
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Waves tend to be parallel to the shore when they break due to the process of:
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refraction
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rogue waves are best described as
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a single massive wave that develops in the open ocean
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constructive interference in waves can cause...
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an occasional wave greater than any noted before or after its occurrence
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Tsunami or seismic sea waves are generated by....
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coastal or submarine earthquakes
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In the open sea, tsunami:
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Are long-period waves, often of 15-20 minutes.
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when a tsunami reaches shore,
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the wave height is increased by entry into shallow water
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The uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without change in direction is the:
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fetch
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A ___________ is a gravity wave formed by the transfer of wind energy over the water.
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wind wave
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A standing wave causes major progressive wave forward movement and results in a large amount of energy that is being transferred. true or false
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false
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An abrupt bulge of water driven on shore by a tropical cyclone is known as a(n)_____
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stormsurge
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Deep-water waves change to shallow-water waves as they approach the shore.
true or false
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true
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Two waves that cancel each other out undergo a process known as _____ interference.
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destructive
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wind waves travel in groups called:
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wave trains
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Waves are created by disturbing forces and and flattened by ____ forces.
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restoring
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when do spring tides occur
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at full moon
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A semidiurnal tide is characterized by
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two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal level each lunar day.
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A steep wave moving upstream generated by the action of the tide crest in the enclosed area of a river mouth is called a:
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tidal wave
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Which body has the greatest influence on ocean tides?
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the moon
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The primary force(s) that cause(s) tides in the sea is (are):
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the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.
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The tidal pattern characteristic of the west coast of the United States is:
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mixed tides
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The side of the Earth facing the moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a:
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high tide also
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The type of tide associated with the full and new moons are:
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spring tides
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Which of the following bodies is the largest? (earth, sun, moon, mars)
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sun
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are tides free waves?
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no
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The wavelength of a tsunami generated by a seismic event can by up to 200 km. How deep has the ocean to be for this wave to be a deep water wave?
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at least 100 km deep
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The restoring force for both tsunamis and tides is:
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gravity
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tides are the shortest of all waves, true or false
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false
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an amphidromic point is...
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a no-tide zone
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A _______ tide is characterized by occurring twice in one lunar day with two high tides and two low tides
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semidiurnal
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A _____ tide is characterized by occurring once each lunar day with one high tide and one low tide
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diurnal
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A ____ tide is a tidal pattern of significantly different heights throughout the day.
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mixed
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The area that is midway between high and low tides and where there is no tide-induced current activity is known as .
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slackwater
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A ____ tide is a tide influenced by the weather.
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meteorological
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A(n) ______ tide is a tide caused by inertia and the gravitational forces of the sun and moon combined.
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astronomical
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Which of the following is a true tidal wave? (tsunami, storm surges, seiche, tidal bore)
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tidal bore
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Deep water wave (depth and speed equation)
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depth > L/2
Speed: C=L/T
(c= speed, L=wavelength, T= time)
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Shallow Water Wave (depth and speed formula)
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Depth < L/20
speed= C=√gd
(g= acceleration, d= depth)
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are tsunami's shallow or deep water waves
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shallow-water
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What can cause a tsunami?
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-WATER DISPLACEMENT
-landslides
-icebergs falling from glaciers
-volcanic eruptions
-asteroid impacts
-other direct displacements of the water surface
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The speed that shallow-water waves can travel depends on the _______
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water depth
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tides are the ______ of all ocean waves
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longest
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what are tides?
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Forced waves formed by gravity and intertia
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tsunami's compared to tides
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-both are shallow-water
-gravity is both restoring forces
-tsunamis are free, tides are forced
-tsunamis triggered by water displacement, tides triggered by gravitational forces from moon and sun
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tidal range
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the height difference between high and low tides
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differences between circulation and waves
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-circulation transports mass, waves transport energy
-circulation affected by coriolis, waves are not
-circulation example: gyres
-wave example: stadium wave
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swell
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the smooth undulation of ocean water caused by wave dispersion
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which kind of wave stores the most energy?
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wind waves
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destructive interference
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two waves that cancel each other out
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constructive interference
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additive interference that results in waves larger than the original waves
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doldrums
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opposite of rogue wave. No winds, no waves, no movement for ships
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what happens to deep water waves as they approach shore?
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they turn into shallow water waves
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what happens to waves when they approach a shore at an angle?
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they refract
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seiche
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rocking back and forth at a specific resonant frequency in a confined area
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stormsurge
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an abrupt bulge of water driven on shore by a tropical cyclone/hurricane or a frontal storm
(created by low atmospheric pressure underneath the storm, short lived, consists of only a crest)
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NR 150:Exam one