53 Cards in this Set
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Divergent Plate
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(extension)
two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
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Convergent Plate
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is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide. (compresion)
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Transform Plate
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faults neither create nor destroy lithosphere, is a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal in either sinistral or dextral direction. (shear)
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Magma
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rock capable of fluid flow
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ocean and ocean which will be sub-ducted
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the older one
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continental and continental which will be sub-ducted
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neither they are compressed and push upwards to form mountains
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paleomagnetism
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strips of alternating magnetic polarity at spreading regions
Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field in rocks, sediment, or archeological materials.
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Which feature was discovered the coast of Monterey, California?
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a canyon
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Animals in the deep ocean have developed what trait?
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Bioluminescence
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Hydrothermal vents
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are teaming with life, hot springs on an active oceanic ridge, dissolve minerals and gasses escape through fissures and vents
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organisms living associated with hydrothermal vents get their energy from a process called...
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Chemosyntothsis
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Bathymetry
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Bathymetry is the study of underwater depth of lake or ocean floors. In other words, bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography.
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Satellite Altimetry
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An altimeter or an altitude meter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
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Ocean basins
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not shaped like a bath tub
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Passive continental margins
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diverging
little EQ or volcanic activity
atlantic
wider
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Active Continental Margins
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converging
high EQ and volcanic activity
pacific
narrower
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Continental margin
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continental shelf, shelf beak, continental slope and contiental rise
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Continental Shelf
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Submerged extensions of continents, gently sloping seaward, shaped by tectonics
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Submarine Canyons
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a feature of some continental margins, they cut into continental shelf and slope often terminating on the deep sea floor in a fan shape wedge of sediment
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Turbidity Current
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a fast dense current of water that carries sediment off shore. EQ can trigger TC
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Oceanic Ridge
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a mountainous chain of young basaltic rock at an active spreading ridge of an ocean.
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Abyssal Plain
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flat, cold sediment covered ocean floor between continental rise and the oceanic ridge
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Abyssal Hill
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Small sediment covered extinct volcanos or rock intrusions, associated with seafloor spreading
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Guyots
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flat topped seamount eroded by wave actions
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Seamount
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volcanic mountains that rise from the ocean floor and never grow tall enough to reach the surface, inactive volcanos
spreading centers or hot spots
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Hydrological cycle
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powered by solar radiation
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Water
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2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
a polar molecule
has a positive and negative side
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Hydrogen Bonds
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form when the positive ends of one water molecule bonds to the negative end of another water molecule, gives surface tension
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Thermal inertia
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tendency of a substance to resist change in temperature with the gain or loss of heat energy
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Salinity
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the total quality of dissolved inorganic solids in water
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Principle of Constant Proportion
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the ratio of dissolved solids is constant even if the relative amount are changing, oceans are in chemical equilibrium.
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As the ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide is it more or less acidic?
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more acidic
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What are the two most abundant elements dissolved in sea water?
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sodium and clhorine
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What happens to pH when more carbon dioxide is present?
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pH level decreases in the region
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When the temperature of the ocean increases what happens to the density?
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The density decreases
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Weather
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the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
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Climate
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the long-term statistical sum of weather in an area
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Humid air
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is less dense than dry air at the same temperature because the molecules of water vapor weigh less than the nitrogen and oxygen molecules that water vapor displaces
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Gyres
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circuit if mid latitude currents around the periphery of an ocean basin
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Coriolis Effect
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shifts currents to the right of the wind direction in the northern hempishere
In physics, the Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects when the motion is described relative to a rotating reference frame.
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Ekman Spiral
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theoretical model of the effect on water of wind blowing over the ocean, explains net movement of water in surface currents
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Ocean circulation
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is driven by winds and by differences in water density. Along with the winds, ocean currents distributes tropical heat worldwide
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hadley Cells
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tradewinds easteriles centers around 15N and 15S
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Ferrel Cells
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mid-lat circulation cell, westerlies
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Polar Cells
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denser air and does not mix well with the winds in ferrel cells
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Doldrums
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the surface winds of th Hadley cells converge
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Horse latitudes
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between the Hadley and ferrel cells, sinking air
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ITCZ
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moves farther away from the equator during the northern summer than the southern one due to the North-heavy arrangement of the continents
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Storms
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are variations in large-scale atmospheric circulation. Form between two air masses or within one air mass
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Hurricanes in the northern hemisphere rotate which direction?
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counterclockwise
we drive no the right side of the road so look at right hand, curl fingers around palm= CCW
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Hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere rotate what direction?
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Clockwise
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What wind is associated with the Hadley cells?
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Trade winds
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What wind is associated with the Ferrel Cells?
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Westerlies
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NR 150:Exam one