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CHEM 111: EXAM 2
Solute |
Minor Component |
Solvent |
Major Component (liquid) |
Soluion |
HOMOGENOUS mixture of solutes in a solvent
|
Molarity |
Moles/liter solute |
Dilution Formula |
M1V1=M2V2 |
Limiting Reactant |
Less moles (if 1:1 mole:mole) |
Empirical Formula |
Divide mass of each atom by molecular mass to get the % COMPOSITION. Then take this % (ex86%) and assume 100 grams present. take 86 grams and convert to moles. do same with other elements. Say the moles are 7.13 and 14.26 then its a 1:2 ratio in the empricial formula. if molecule weight is know then find molecular formula. |
Conducts |
contains ions |
Strong Electrolyte |
Completly ionize. Includes Soluble ionic salts and strong acids |
Weak Electrolyte |
Partially ionize. Includes weak acids.
|
Non electrolytes |
Do not ionize. Includes molecules
|
SOLUBILITY RULES |
... |
Alkali Metals and NH4+ |
ALWAYS SOLUBLE
|
NO3-, CLO4- and C2H3O2- |
ALWAYS SOLBULE |
Cl- Br- and I- are soluble except |
with Ag (silver), Pb (lead) and Hg (mercury)
|
Acid |
H+ in water |
6 Strong Acids |
HCL, HI, HCLO4, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4
(these, in a net ionic equation, are written as completely disassociated)
|
3 Weak Acids |
HF, H3PO4, and HC2H3O2 (C2H3O2H)
|
NAMING ACIds |
... |
H + 1 element with no O |
hydro_______ic acid
|
H + -ate ion |
-ic + acid |
H + -ite ion |
-ous + acid |
LEO GER |
Loss E- Oxidized Gain E- Reduced |
An element has a oxidation # of |
Zero |
any monoatomic ion has ox # of |
their charge |
elements in a ionic compound have a ox # |
typical atom charge |
H i s +1 except |
NaH where its -1 |
O is -2 except |
in H2O2
|
Halogens have a ox # |
of -1 |
The sum of all the 0x# in a compound |
is the electrical charge of a compund/ion
|
Oxidation # Went Down |
1) Got reduced 2) Its the Oxidizing Agent 3) Gained Electrons |
Oxidation # went up |
1) Got oxized 2) its the reducing agent 3) lost electrons
|
Reduction 1/2 rxn+ + e- --> Ag |
Oxidation half rxn Fe--> 3- + Fe 3+ |
Balancing 1/2 rxns |
Half them and BALANCE THEM. add h20 to balance O's. Add H+ to blance for H20 (IF IN BASIC SOLTN ADD EQUAL AMOUNT OH- as H+ ON BOTH SIDES) Balance for charge with e-'s. Multiply to balance e- for two 1/2's. Add and cancel
|