34 Cards in this Set
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Solute
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Minor Component
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Solvent
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Major Component (liquid)
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Soluion
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HOMOGENOUS mixture of solutes in a solvent
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Molarity
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Moles/liter solute
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Dilution Formula
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M1V1=M2V2
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Limiting Reactant
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Less moles (if 1:1 mole:mole)
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Empirical Formula
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Divide mass of each atom by molecular mass to get the % COMPOSITION. Then take this % (ex86%) and assume 100 grams present. take 86 grams and convert to moles. do same with other elements. Say the moles are 7.13 and 14.26 then its a 1:2 ratio in the empricial formula. if molecule weight i…
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Conducts
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contains ions
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Strong Electrolyte
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Completly ionize. Includes Soluble ionic salts and strong acids
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Weak Electrolyte
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Partially ionize. Includes weak acids.
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Non electrolytes
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Do not ionize. Includes molecules
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SOLUBILITY RULES
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...
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Alkali Metals and NH4+
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ALWAYS SOLUBLE
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NO3-, CLO4- and C2H3O2-
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ALWAYS SOLBULE
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Cl- Br- and I- are soluble except
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with Ag (silver), Pb (lead) and Hg (mercury)
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Acid
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H+ in water
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6 Strong Acids
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HCL, HI, HCLO4, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4
(these, in a net ionic equation, are written as completely disassociated)
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3 Weak Acids
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HF, H3PO4, and HC2H3O2 (C2H3O2H)
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NAMING ACIds
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...
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H + 1 element with no O
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hydro_______ic acid
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H + -ate ion
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-ic + acid
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H + -ite ion
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-ous + acid
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LEO GER
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Loss E- Oxidized Gain E- Reduced
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An element has a oxidation # of
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Zero
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any monoatomic ion has ox # of
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their charge
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elements in a ionic compound have a ox #
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typical atom charge
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H i s +1 except
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NaH where its -1
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O is -2 except
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in H2O2
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Halogens have a ox #
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of -1
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The sum of all the 0x# in a compound
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is the electrical charge of a compund/ion
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Oxidation # Went Down
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1) Got reduced 2) Its the Oxidizing Agent 3) Gained Electrons
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Oxidation # went up
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1) Got oxized 2) its the reducing agent 3) lost electrons
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Reduction 1/2 rxn+ + e- --> Ag
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Oxidation half rxn Fe--> 3- + Fe 3+
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Balancing 1/2 rxns
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Half them and BALANCE THEM. add h20 to balance O's. Add H+ to blance for H20 (IF IN BASIC SOLTN ADD EQUAL AMOUNT OH- as H+ ON BOTH SIDES) Balance for charge with e-'s. Multiply to balance e- for two 1/2's. Add and cancel
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CHEM 111: EXAM 1