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Exam #1 - Flashcards
Paleo-oceanography |
study of how ocean, atmosphere, land, interactions produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, climate |
Lithogenous |
small particles eroded, carried to ocean by streams/river deposits,
wind, erosion, gravity, glaciers
greatest quantity around cont'l margins
neritic vs. pelagic |
Biogenous |
remains of hard parts (shells, bones, teeth) of once-living organisms
mainly algae & protozoans
macroscopic vs. microscopic
depends on: productivity, destruction, dilution |
Hydrogenous |
dissolved material in water
small portion of marine sediments
distributed in diverse environments
manganese nodules & evaporites |
Cosmogenous |
macroscopic meteor debris
overall insignificant portion of marine sediments |
Pelagic & Neritic Sediment Distribution |
Neritic sediments 1/4 of sea floor
Pelagic sediments 3/4 of sea floor
Controlled by:
proximity of sources of lithogenous sediments
productivity of microscopic marine organisms
depth of water
sea floor features |
Cont'l Drift Evidence |
fit of continents
matching rocks/mtns
glacial patterns
distribution of organisms
patterns of earthquakes |
Seafloor Spreading |
circular movement of rock material in the mantle
convection in the asthenosphere |
Bathymetry Techniques |
soundings
precision depth recorder (PDR)
echo soundings
sonar
satellites
seabeam |
Passive Cont'l Margin |
lack major tectonic activity (i.e. large earthquakes, eruptive volcanoes, mtn building) |
Active Cont'l Margin |
high degree of tectonic activity |
Continental Shelf |
generally flat zone extending from shore line
shallow
low relief |
Continental Slope |
where deep ocean basin begins
separates oceanic crust from thick cont'l crust |
Continental Rise |
transition zone b/t cont'l margin and deep ocean floor
huge pile of debris |
Submarine Canyon |
narrow but deep valleys
v-shaped
formed by erosive power of turbidity currents |
Deep-sea Fans |
create cont'l rise when they form at base of cont'l slope |
Ocean Trenches |
deep linear scars on ocean floor caused by 2 plates colliding along convergent plate margins |
Calcareous |
Calcium Carbonate
warm shallow areas
|
Silica |
Siliceous
cold, nutrient rich waters |