GEOL 1040: FINAL EXAM
34 Cards in this Set
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Metamorphic rocks form from magma that has cooled and crystalized inside the Earth. (True or False)
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False. Igneous.
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Name two forms of biologically induced weathering.
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Physically and Chemically.
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Cold air is denser than warm air
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False.
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Describe what the Ogallala Aquifer is and where it is located. Explain the problems that the aquifer is experiencing now and projections for the future.
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Great Plains in Us.
Shallow water table aquifer.
Recharge is not as fast as usage. Water table keeps decreasing.
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A (n) _______________ is an underground water source.
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Aquifer
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Groundwater becomes contaminated through _______.
a) Abandoned landfills
b) Natural contaminants within rocks
c) Manufacturing processes
d) All of the above
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d
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The angle of repose is generally between 30-37°. (True or False)
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True
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What two forces affect slope stability and how?
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Gravity
Added structures
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The percentage of a rock that consists of open spaces is _____________.
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Porosity
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Know the components of a water well/groundwater diagram.
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...
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Air moving east or west that is deflected sideways by the rotation of the Earth is a response called the Coriolis Effect. (True or False)
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True
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Water can cause only physical weathering because of its unique properties as ice. (True or False)
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False. Can cause chemical weathering too.
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Name and describe two examples of how humans contribute to groundwater contamination.
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Manufacturing process
Abandoned landfills
Sewage
Fertilizers
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Name the two broad categories of weathering and how they are defined.
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Physical- Rock is physically broken down into smaller fractures without changing chemically.
Chemical- Rock chemically altered through
reactions.
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_____________________________ is the percentage of the total volume of rock or sediments that consists of open spaces and ___________________________ is the measurement of how easily a solid allows fluids to pass through it.
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Porosity and Permeability.
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Name two factors of slopes that affect the rate of weathering in rocks.
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Surface area and climate
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What is the difference between frost wedging and mineral wedging?
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Frost- When water fills cracks in rock.
Mineral- Growing in fractures and causing breakage.
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The process whereby water at the surface enters the groundwater is ________________________.
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Infiltration.
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Groundwater makes up what percentage of the Earth’s water?
a) 69%
b) 30%
c) 0.001%
d) 21%
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b
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Yellowstone National Park contains half of the world’s hydrothermal features (True or False)
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True
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Which form of migration is NOT used to move water through the hydrosphere?
a) Infiltration
b) Surface runoff
c) Sublimation
d) None of the above as all of these are a means of water migration
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d
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Name four types of evidence presented in class for the existence of global climate change.
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CO2 increase
Global sea level rise
Temperature increase
Ice sheets and snow cover has decreased
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The rate of seafloor spreading is constant (True or False)
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False
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Name two ways an aquifer may become contaminated and explain what is happening in each situation.
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Old landfill ; leaching into groundwater.
Rocks on surface can come in contact with weathering and release contaminants.
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How are tributaries and drainage networks related? How does one affect the other?
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Tributary - stream or river that flows into main river or lake.
Drainage network - pattern formed by tributary.
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All of the following are examples of chemical weathering except:
a) Oxidation
b) Thermal expansion
c) Hydrolysis
d) Frost wedging
e) Both B and D
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e
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Glaciers contain what percentage of the Earth’s freshwater as ice and snow, and a smaller component as permafrost and ground ice.
a) 32%
b) 69%
c) 11%
d) 2%
e) 25%
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B
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Name and describe two forms of physical (mechanical) weathering.
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Mineral Wedging
Root Wedging
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Which of these adds to the amount of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere?
a) Methane released from frozen gas hydrates
b) The burning of coal and petroleum products
c) Exhalation by living organisms
d) All of the above
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D
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Surface Currents
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are why the East Coast it more fun to Swim in than the West Coast. East coast gets warm currents and west cold currents.
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Deep Currents
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one reason why England does not turn into a popsicle in the winter like Hudson Bay. Thermohaline and salinity.
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The atmosphere is ___% nitrogen and __% oxygen.
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78, 21
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TA Name?
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Meredith Avery
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Place professor studied?
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Yellowstone
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GEOL 1040: Exam 3