50 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Neutral Competence
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The principle that administrators perform their functions at the highest level without political favoritism
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Iron Triangle
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A theory that suggests agency managers work to shape public policy.
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Relationship between the federal budget and the national economy
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reciprocal, because the budget affects the economy and the economy shapes the budget.
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Fiscal Policy
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Government taxation and spending is called
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35
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The share of the federal budget that Congress and the president can readily change (control) in any given year went from 66 percent in 1965 to ______ percent in 2009.
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appropriation; authorizations
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A congressional ______ commits money for spending, and congressional ___ create programs and place limits on the amount of money that can be spent
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increase
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The Congressional Budget Office estimates that between 2009 and 2020 the federal debt owned by the public as a share of the total economy will
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position classification
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the process that determines the expertise, level of difficulty, and level of responsibility necessary for a particular job.
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The Hatch Act (1939)
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prohibits federal workers from being involved in political campaigns.
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GS 1-8
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the clerical levels in the federal civil service system.
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federal political appointees
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Although they have subject knowledge relevant to their particular responsibilities, ______ often lack experience in the federal executive branch and in management positions
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Senior Executive Service
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created by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978.
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at-will employment
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An employment system in which employees can be fired at the discretion of the manager.
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reductions in Force
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Involuntary layoff or termination of government employees
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Collective Bargaining
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Negotiation by members of a union over employee rights and compensation.
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Bureaus
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The basic building blocks of governmental organizations.
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Human Capital
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An approach to management that focuses on identifying the skills employees need to accomplish an organizations' work and in developing those skills.
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Appropriations
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Legislation that commits money to be spent.
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Deficit
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The excess of expenditures over revenues in any given fiscal year.
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Continuing Resolution
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Congressional actions that keep the level of spending after the fiscal year at its current levels while a new budget is negotiated.
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Capital Budgets
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The portion of the budget for items with long useful lives, like roads and fire trucks.
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Management by objectives
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A strategy in which managers chart quantitative objectives for a program to accomplish in the coming year which determines the budget needed for that year.
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proxies
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The government risks sacrificing control, responsiveness, and sometimes quality when it relies on ______ for program implementation.
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fungibility of federal funding
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All of the following are intergovernmental implementation strategies EXCEPT
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gaining special expertise
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An advantage for contracting out is
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mandates
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Federally imposed regulations are also called
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results-based management
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CompStat, which produces weekly reports on crime in each police precinct, is an example of
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Categorical Grant
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Strategy of assistance that gives recipients relatively narrow discretion in how money may be used.
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Whistleblowers
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People who divulge details about the behavior of other members of their organization who might be in violation of the law.
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Mandates
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Requirements that must be met as conditions of aid.
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Grantsmanship
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The aggressive search for money from other sources of funds.
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efficiency
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Measure of the level of inputs required to produce a given level of outputs.
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accountability
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the process of holding administrators responsible for their actions, especially their compliance with the law and their effectiveness in managing programs; one part of bureaucratic responsibility, the other is ethical behavior
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bureaucratic responsibility
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the duty of public administrators, which is made up of two overlapping, and generally, but not always, compatible elements, accountability and ethical behavior
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the Constitution; the law
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According to the text, the central elements of bureaucratic accountability are ____ and ____.
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it is impossible to translate laws into administrative action with precision and predictability.
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The major shortcoming of the rule of law approach to bureaucratic accountability is
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separating political decision making from administrative policy.
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The politics-administration dichotomy maintains democratic accountability by
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policy formation and policy execution.
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Public administration involves
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Dwight Waldo
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Government's role in society is so pervasive that it was termed "the administrative state" by __
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FALSE
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T or F: Bureaucracy is a feature of the public sector, not the private sector.
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Performance Measures
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Assessments of success, of organizations and individuals, in achieving the goals set for them.
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Administrative Responsibility
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The process of holding specific individuals responsible, within the bureaucracy, for specific actions.
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Ethical Behavior
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Adherence to moral standards and avoidance of even the appearance of wrong-doing.
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Red Tape
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A colloquial term for government regulations that tend to impose large costs with few benefits.
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incrementalism
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theory that decisions typically are- and should be- made in small steps, with the opportunity to make adjustments in between. This approach is the basis for bottom-up budgeting.
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fiscal policy
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decisions about government spending and taxing, and their effect on the economy's performance
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monetary policy
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decisions by the Federal Reserve on interest rates and the money supply, and their effect on the economy's performance
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Civil Service System
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the collection of rules and procedures that govern the employees who work in career positions in government
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Red tape
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refers to all of the paper work, documentation, and procedures applied to public administrators that can get in the way of solving problems quickly.
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backward mapping
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a strategy of improving implementation that begins with the objectives to be achieved and then charting the steps required to reach those objectives
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POLS 360: Exam 1