View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (86)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
BIOL 460: Exam 3
three elastic arteries
|
aorta, coratid, subclavian
|
what happens to cancer cells in lymph node
|
metastasis
|
three lymphatic ducts
|
thoracic duct (enters left subclavian vein), right lymphatic duct (enters right subclavian vein), cisterna chylis (chylomicrons)
|
plaque buildup in gums and goes into bloodsteam
|
periodontal disease
|
type of proteins on chylomicrons
|
apiloproteins
|
chylomicrons are absorbed in _____ and destroyed in _________
|
small intestine
liver
|
organ that makes/destroys LDL's and HDL's
|
liver
|
condition where myocardium die due to ischemia
|
myocardial infarction
|
spots on skin if capillaries dont form platelet plug
|
petechiae
|
converts ADP-->AMP +Pi in normal capillaries
|
CD-39
|
condition where blood clot wont form properly
|
hemophilia
|
anticoagulant that binds to Ca++ to make it unavailable to cells
|
Sodium Citrate
|
location of cardiac center
|
medullla
|
location of baroreceptors
|
carotid sinus and aortic arch
|
3 effectors of stroke volume
|
contractility, peripheral resistance (afterload), end diastolic volume (preload)
|
increase in pulmonary circuit pressure by damaged left ventricle causes ________ which causes fluid pushed into lungs causing _______
|
pulminary hypertension
pulminary congestion
|
veins are ____ vessels; arteries are ____vessels
|
capacitance
resistance
|
excessive accumulation of tissue fluid
|
edema
|
ADH made in _____ and trasferred by neurocapillary bed to ____ where it is then transferred to kidneys
|
hypothalamus
neurohypophysis
|
location of osmoreceptors (think ADH)
|
hypothalamus
|
secretes aldosterone
|
adrenal cortex
|
agiotensin II raises blood pressure by what three actions
|
1) its a vasoconstrictor
2)causes adrenal cortex to release renin
3)stimulates thirst centers
|
antagonist to aldosterone
|
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
|
Pouisselle's Law purpose and equation
|
blood flow
(delta P* r^4 * pi)/(L*V*8)
|
Mean Arterial Pressure
|
(pulse pressure/3)+diastolic
|
paracrine factors effecting blood flow
|
nitric oxide and prostacyclin
|
autoregulation of blood flow is accomplished by ____
|
myogenic control centers-->arterioles have stretch receptors that open ion channels to contract muscle if blood flow is too fast
|
body responds to short-term changes in blood pressure by ______
|
baroreceptor reflex
|
low blood pressure when you stand up
|
orthostatic hypotension
|
baroreceptor reflex alters ____ (part of brain) which has _____center and ______ center
|
medulla
vasomotor center (dialate/constrict)
cardiac center (sym/para response)
|
type II aveoli don't secrete surfactant-->causes this disease
|
hylaine membrane disease
|
two zones of respiratory system
|
conducting zone
respiratory zone
|
separates chest into right and left pleural cavities
|
mediastinum
|
Boyle's Lawe
|
pressure= 1/V used for lungs
|
measure breathing
|
spirometer
|
separates chest into right and left pleural cavities
|
mediastinum
|
Boyle's Lawe
|
pressure= 1/V used for lungs
|
measure breathing
|
spirometer
|
name for and amount of air kept in lungs that isnt exchanged with blood
|
residual volume; 1L
|
two types of lung diseases and examples
|
restrictive-vital capacity lowered-pulminary fibrosis
obstructive-hard to exhale-COPD's-->bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
|
Henry's Law
|
gas dissolved in fluid
S*PP/T
|
amount of O2 in plasma when breathing pure air
|
1.5 mL
|
reactive hyperemia in systemic compared to pulminary
|
-rush O2 to areas in systemic
-cut of O2 to areas in pulminary
|
respiratory center in medulla
|
rhythmicity area- inspiratory and exspiratory neurons that create action potentials at own pace via HCN channels
isp neuron-->s.m. neuron-->inspir muscle
|
two types of chemoreceptors and their location
|
central-medulla(long term changes)
peripheral-carotid sinus and aorta (short term changes)
|
normal CO2 pp in body, if this is off chemoreceptors cause you to breathe fast of slow
|
40mmHG
|
loss of automatic breathing control
|
Ondine's curse
|
molecule that transports O2 in blood
|
hemoglobin
|
CO bonds to hemoglobin-deadly
|
carboxyhemoglobin
|
# heme groups and #O2 hemoglobin can bond to because each contain an iron
|
4
|
use ___blood to determine oxyhemoglobin content (blood here is almost 100% oxyhemoglobin)
|
arterial
|
2 factors that determine loading/unloading of O2 by hemoglobin
|
1). ppO2 in blood
2) bond affinity of O2 to hemoglobin
|
three factors effecting bond affinity of O2 to hemoglobin
|
1. temperature
2. pH (inversely prop)
3. amount of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate
|
side product of glycolosis that effects O2 unloading
|
2,3diphosphoglycerate
|
amounts and ways that CO2 is transferred in blood
|
10% dissolved in plasma as CO2
20% bonds to hemoglobin to form carboaminohemoglobin
remaining 70% is transferred in plasma as bicarbonate
|
enzyme that converts CO2 to bicarbonate and vice versa
|
carbonic anhydrase
|
name for when chlorine comes into cell after bicarbonate has left
|
chloride shift
|
typical pH in large arteris
|
7.35-7.45
|
acid that can be converted into gas (carbonic acid is this type)
|
volatile
|
lactic acid and keytone bodies are examples of ___ acids
|
metabolic
|
two waste products that kidney gets rid of
|
urea and creatinine
|
two layers of bowmann's capsule
|
visceral and parietal layer
|
acid base balance in lungs is fixed by
|
hypo/hyperventalation
|
two nephron types
|
cortical and juxtamedullary
|
three steps of glomerular filtration
|
1) go through fenestrated endothelium of glom
2)basement membrane of glom.-->glycoproteins cause meshwork sieve
3)visceral layer of capsule- podocytes with pedicles
|
two ways Glom Filtration Rate is regulated
|
1) Extrensically-Sym NS
2)Intrisically-Renal autoregulation (JGA and macula densa)
|
what does macula densa secrete to cause vasoconstriction
|
Adenosine
|
what do granular cells of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus secrete
|
renin
|
obligatory water loss amount
|
400ml/day
|
parts of proximal convoluted tubule
|
apical side, lateral surfaces (connected by junctional complexes) and basal membrane(Na+/K+ pumps)
|
filtrate is _____ to blood plasma
|
ionically isoosmotic
|
PCT absorbs ____ % of salt and water and DCT Absorbs ______ % of salt and water in automatic fashion
|
65
20
|
method by which loop of henle and vasa recta create salt and water gradient
|
counter current multiplication via countercurrent exchange
|
ascending limb of vasa recta is ____ ;this allows for NaCl outward diffusion
|
fenestrated
|
urea gets caught between _____ and ____
|
collecting duct
ascending loop of henle
|
collecting duct is permeable to ___ and impermeable to _______
|
water
salt
|
___ causes collecting ducts to be more permeable to water
|
ADH
|
ADH puts ____ into membrane of collecting duct
|
aquaporins
|
how does aldosterone effect DCT and collecting duct
|
makes apical surface more permeable to salt & accelerates Na+/K+ pumps on basal membrane
|
aldosterone causes the ____ of Na+ and the ____ of K+
|
reabsorption
secretion
|
this region of nephron is where K+ excretion takes place
|
cortical region of collecting duct
|
3 things effecting renin secretion
|
1) decreased blood pressure-baroreceptor reflex
2)sympathetic stimulation-cause granular cells to secrete renin
3) macula densa can block renin secretion
|
minium amount of a substance that causes substance to be excreted into urine
|
Renal Plasma Threshold
|
glucose in urine
|
Glycosuria (Renal Plasma threshold for glucose is 180 mg/100ml)
|
____ in blood caused by buildup of glucose in blood due to diabetes mellitus and insulin cant bring glucose into cells
|
Hyperglycemia
|
asthma, emphysema and bronchitis are examples of ____
|
COPDs chronic obstructive pulminary diseases
|