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GEOG 202: EXAM 3
Central Asia Populations |
Afghanistan 33.4 million
Uzbekistan 29.8 million
Kazakhstan 16.8 million |
Central Asia Highest TFR |
Central Asia Highest TFR |
Central Asia Urbanized? |
No |
How many Central Asia countries? |
8 countries (the stand) and NW China |
Central Asia population concentrated? |
Lowlands |
Migration patterns of Central Asia |
Chinese moving West
Russians back to Russia |
Central Asia, Rural or Urban Settlement patterns? |
Rural |
Almost half of Afghanistan's pop is under |
15 |
Aral Sea |
Command Economy - Russians were focused on industrializing, cotton production
Consequences on the fishing industry
New land is useless because of the salt |
Central Asia Physical Geography |
Pamir knot: 2 plates shoving into each other
Himalayans: world's highest mountain system and some of world's highest peaks
Plateaus and Deserts
|
Central Asia climate |
Arid or Highland or Continental
huge temperature variations |
Central Asia: what empire ruled and who was the emperor? |
Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan |
Central Asia mindset |
Once were the most powerful but now very impoverished region of very little importance
|
Which country has exerted Cultural Imperialism on Central Asia? |
USSR |
Central Asia enemy different |
Taliban - hide and blend in |
How are women treated in Central Asia? How has it changed? |
Before Taliban, women were partially covered, now are fully covered. Since US invaded, women can vote |
Unifying language of the western half of Central Asia |
Russian |
Theocracy |
Form of government where laws are based on tenants of religion
|
Religion dominating the western half of C.A.? |
Islam |
Religion dominating the Eastern half of C.A.? |
Tibetan Buddhism |
Samarkand, Uzbekistan |
Crossroads of world -- Old Silk Trade Road
Connected Mediterranean to China |
Alluvial Fans |
Cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams -- WATER |
Loess Deposits |
Made by AIR |
Who is interested in the oil of CA? |
China |
Hope for Afghanistan? Are they too late? |
They found oil but because the US and Canada have also found a lot of oil recently it might not help them |
What crop does Afghanistan depend on? |
Opium -- earns a lot of money but is irreplaceable |
East Asia populations |
China - 1.3 billion (largest country in the world)
Japan - 127.6 million
South Korea - 48.9 million |
East Asia Highest TFR |
North Korea - 2.0 (overall semi-low for region)
Taiwan - 1.0
China - 1.5
Japan - 1.4 |
North verses South Korea Populations |
South has twice as many people (48 million) as North (22 million) |
Populations reflects quality of life in Korea |
South has better quality of life and is more successful |
How many people live in East Asia? |
1.58 billion
2nd largest region with 1st largest country |
Chinese Urbanization |
Rapid-- the communist government, they believe industrialization is the way to progress |
Effects on the world of China's rapid Urbanization |
China has the largest pop in the world so it ripple effect on the economy and other countries are affected |
Subconurbanization |
Massive Urban area that results from coalescing of 2 or more formerly separate cities |
Where is Subconurbanization happening?
|
This is happening in Japan where it is incredibly densely populated. Japan is crowded, modern, and clean |
China's energy source |
Coal -- emits greenhouse gases |
Why is China more focused on industrialization than environmental considerations?
|
Communist government for a long time chose to ignore consequences of industrialization |
Why does China need to reevaluate their energy source? |
They are huge, unlike Haiti, and effecting the environment of the world |
Three Gorges Dam - Positives |
Largest hydroelectric project in the world
Controls flooding
Generates electricity |
Three Gorges Dam - Negatives |
Displacement of people
Landslides
Destruction of historic artifacts
sewage not washed away
Potential for disaster from earthquake
|
Three Gorges Dam possible future disaster |
It is placed on a plate foundry where an earthquake might happen |
How many people did the dam displace? |
1.5 million |
Which river is the dam on? |
Yangtze River |
Japan's physical geography |
Mountainous island chain at plate boundary
Many earthquakes - Tsunami potential |
Two main rivers in China |
Yangtze River
Yellow River |
China's government from 1700-1920 |
Dynastic Monarchy |
Was China ever colonized? |
No |
Two groups fighting in China's civil war |
Communists led by Chairman Mai Zedong
Nationalists led by Chaing Kai-shek
|
Who was the common enemy of the two Chinese groups?
|
Japanese |
Who was victorious in the civil war and what happened afterwards? |
The communists won and the nationalists fled to Taiwan
Communists call China the People's Republic of China
Taiwan is the Republic of China |
Truman Doctrine |
The US opposes communism |
Modern relationship between China and Taiwan |
China is still in denial that Taiwan is a separate government |
One Child Policy |
Biased toward boys - abort or abandon girls |
Japan's demographic problem |
Not many young people |
Natural disaster that hit Japan in 2011 |
Tsunami |
Tokyo, Japan |
World class financial center
One of the largest cities in the world
Extremely high pop density
|
Korea was occupied by who until after WWII? |
Japan |
Who did it transfer to after WWII? |
US and USSR |
What half adopted which ideology? |
North - communism
South - Democracy and Capitalism |
Korean war ending? |
Cease fire - demilitarized zone but never a peace treaty |
China Religion |
Taoism and Marxism |
Japan Religion |
Shinto |
Tibet Religion |
Buddhism |
Culture as a whole is very |
Secular |
Marxism |
atheist - communism |
Languages of the region |
Mandarin, Chinese, Japanese, Korean |
South Asia |
India - 1.2 billion (second largest)
Pakistan - 180.4 million
Bangladesh - 152.9 million |
SA Highest TFR |
Pakistan - 3.6 (overall this region has a high TFR, other countries around 2.5) |
South Asia described by contradiction |
Extreme poverty as well as booming high tech economy |
Top ten most populous countries in the world |
#2 India
#6 Pakistan
#8 Bangladesh |
Population Density |
High |
What is responsible for SA diaspora? |
People seeking better economic opportunities, not really forced migration |
Where is SA's preferred migration to? |
US, UK, and Canada |
How many people in South Asia? |
1.65 billion
1st largest region
2nd largest country |
Mumbai |
22 million
formerly known as Bombay |
What infrastructure did the British set up in India? |
Railroads - India has let it run down |
How much of Earth's water is in the ocean? |
97%
too expensive to desalinize |
How much is fresh? |
3% |
How much of fresh is frozen? |
70% |
How much of fresh is underground? |
30% |
How much is in rivers and lakes? |
Less than 1% |
What is the Subcontinent? |
Whole region itself is a separate plate |
What is the largest river in the world? |
Ganges River Delta |
The Delta's soil |
very fertile and is still undammed |
Orographic rainfall |
caused by uplifting cooling of moot air over the mountains |
South Asia plate boundary |
Crashing crustal plates |
South Asia mountains |
Himalayas |
South Asia Climate |
Monsoonal
Tropical and subtropical except for mountains |
Monsoon |
Rainy Season - Low pressure in summer attracts moist air from Indian ocean
Dry Season - High pressure over Himalayas in winter brings dry air south |
Impacts of South Asia's colonization |
English language
Passion for cricket
Build railroads and dams |
What happened in India after decolonization? |
British withdrew leaving India and Pakistan divided
Hindu and Muslim majorities
Result of Partition: brutality and sovereignty
Hundreds of thousands massacred
millions displaced
Pakistan Split |
Pakistan split |
Bangladesh (East)
Pakistan (West)
|
Divisions of religion in India |
Make people hold on to their religion stronger |
When was Bangladesh formed?
|
1971 |
Who did Pakistan hide? |
Osama Bin Laden |
Terrorist attack from Pakistan |
Bombing of Mumbai |
Who started the green revolution? |
Norman Borlaug |
Taj Mahal |
Constructed in 1600s in Agra, India
Entombs 3rd wife of emperor
One of the 7 wonders of the world
Most visited site in Hindu India |
Taj Majal syncretism |
Blending of Hindu and Islam |
Caste System |
Pyramidal shaped society, 5 levels
determine job, spouse, diet
social pollution, even visual pollution (untouchables) |
5 levels |
1. Priests - strictly vegetarian
2. Warriors - rulers
3. Merchants - trading skilled laborers
4. Servants - unskilled laborers
5. Untouchables - fishermen |
Illiteracy |
High |
Unifying language |
English but Hindu is widely spoken |
Major religion of India |
Hundi |
Major religion of Pakistan and Bangladesh |
Islam |
Tenants of Hinduism |
Belief in reincarnation
Many vegetarians
Ritual bathing in Ganges River |
Sikhism |
Punjab (between India and Pakistan)
Blended religion
Warriors
Don't cut hair or beards
Want autonomy |
Religions by regions |
Islam - Pakistan and Bangladesh (400 million)
Sikhs - NW Indian state of Punjab
Buddhist - Sri-lanka and in the Himalayans |
South East Asia |
Indonesia - 241 million
Philippines- 96.2 million
Vietnam - 89 million |
SE Asia TFR |
Biggest range |
Two sub regions |
Mainland and Insular |
How many countries in SE Asia? |
11 |
What groups are many of them in |
10 countries in ASEAN, this making their expanding the scale of their economy |
Formerly known as |
Indochina |
How many people in this SE Asia? |
over 600 million |
Singapore TFR |
Low, provide benefits for those having 3rd and 4th child |
Transmigration in |
Indonesia |
Primate cities |
Mamila, Philippines
Bangkok, Thailand |
Population concentrated in Indonesia |
Island of Java |
Singapore high pop density |
City state |
Island of Borneo pop density |
Low |
Country on both parts of SE Asia |
Malaysia |
SE Asia in relation to equator and hemispheres |
Above and below equator and both hemispheres |
Tropical storms of SE Asia |
Typhoons - Hurricanes |
Typhoons + Deforestation = |
Mudslides |
Plate Tectonics |
Located on a plate boundary therefore high tectonic activity like Tsunamis, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes |
Natural Hazards of Indonesia and Philippines |
Typhoons, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mudslides |
Environmental issues of SE Asia |
Deforestation - logging, trying to protect forests through national parks
Air Pollution - urban smog and smoke, affecting tourism, fast growing cities with increasing number of cars and manufacturing |
Climate of SE Asia |
Humid Tropical, seasonal rainfall, near equator, same temp all year round |
Who colonized Indonesia? |
Netherlands (Dutch) |
What country was not colonized? |
Thailand |
Country that colonized Cambodia and Vietname |
France |
Vietnam war affected |
Loas, Cambodia, and Vietnam |
Superpowers backing up the Vietnam war |
USSR and US |
Colonized Malaysia |
British |
People are not allowed to chew gum |
Singapore |
Put foreigner in jail for criticizing the royal family
|
Thailand |
Country with pirates in the strait of Moluccas |
Malaysia (also Indonesia) |
Took over Cambodia |
Pol Pot in charge of Khmer Rouge 1975-1979 wanted to go back to middle ages rural society |
Largest sex trade |
Thailand |
Where did Singapore gain independence from |
Malaysia |
Country with highest muslin pop |
Indonesia |
Religion of Philippines |
Christianity |
Religion of Mainland SE Asia |
Buddhism |
Australia and Oceania TFR |
High |
Pop of Australia and Oceania |
36 million |
Largest city |
Sydney, Australia 4 million |
Deepest place on earth |
Marian Trench
36000 ft deep |
New Zealand |
85% native plants found nowhere else |
Australia Physical Landscape |
Varied but desert interior |
Climate |
Varied
Tropical humid
desert
highland
equatorial and Southern Hemisphere |
Enviromental Issues |
Non-native species invasion - brown tree snake
Desertification in Aust.
Mining
Water supply |
Water |
Need rainwater
No lakes or rivers on small islands
No aquifers |
Australia population |
20 million
most along coast |
NZ population |
Most live on North island |
TFR High |
"Carrying Capacity" of small islands low |
Indigenous people |
Australia - Aborigine
New Zealand - Maori |
Different from Caribbean |
European influence is predominatelyBritish and French
Indigenous culture still vibrant and influential |
Colonized |
By Europeans in late 1800s
Decolonized after WWI and WWII |
Australia Exports |
World's largest export of iron and coal
logging and fishing |
Island Nation of Nauru |
One of wealthiest nations in the world in 1973
Sold all its phosphate deposits
Now country bankrupt
Most obese citizens in the world
On welfare from Aust and NZ |
New Zealand exported |
Butter and wool to Great Britain but can't now |
NZ |
Used to have high taxes, lots of social welfare, government ownership of large companies
|
NZ 1980s |
Recession, then drastic reform
Privatization: change from government to private ownership
now one of the world's most market oriented countries |