GEOG 202: EXAM 3
164 Cards in this Set
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Central Asia Populations
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Afghanistan 33.4 million
Uzbekistan 29.8 million
Kazakhstan 16.8 million
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Central Asia Highest TFR
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Central Asia Highest TFR
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Central Asia Urbanized?
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No
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How many Central Asia countries?
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8 countries (the stand) and NW China
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Central Asia population concentrated?
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Lowlands
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Migration patterns of Central Asia
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Chinese moving West
Russians back to Russia
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Central Asia, Rural or Urban Settlement patterns?
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Rural
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Almost half of Afghanistan's pop is under
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15
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Aral Sea
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Command Economy - Russians were focused on industrializing, cotton production
Consequences on the fishing industry
New land is useless because of the salt
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Central Asia Physical Geography
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Pamir knot: 2 plates shoving into each other
Himalayans: world's highest mountain system and some of world's highest peaks
Plateaus and Deserts
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Central Asia climate
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Arid or Highland or Continental
huge temperature variations
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Central Asia: what empire ruled and who was the emperor?
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Mongol Empire - Genghis Khan
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Central Asia mindset
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Once were the most powerful but now very impoverished region of very little importance
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Which country has exerted Cultural Imperialism on Central Asia?
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USSR
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Central Asia enemy different
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Taliban - hide and blend in
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How are women treated in Central Asia? How has it changed?
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Before Taliban, women were partially covered, now are fully covered. Since US invaded, women can vote
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Unifying language of the western half of Central Asia
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Russian
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Theocracy
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Form of government where laws are based on tenants of religion
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Religion dominating the western half of C.A.?
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Islam
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Religion dominating the Eastern half of C.A.?
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Tibetan Buddhism
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Samarkand, Uzbekistan
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Crossroads of world -- Old Silk Trade Road
Connected Mediterranean to China
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Alluvial Fans
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Cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams -- WATER
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Loess Deposits
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Made by AIR
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Who is interested in the oil of CA?
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China
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Hope for Afghanistan? Are they too late?
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They found oil but because the US and Canada have also found a lot of oil recently it might not help them
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What crop does Afghanistan depend on?
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Opium -- earns a lot of money but is irreplaceable
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East Asia populations
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China - 1.3 billion (largest country in the world)
Japan - 127.6 million
South Korea - 48.9 million
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East Asia Highest TFR
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North Korea - 2.0 (overall semi-low for region)
Taiwan - 1.0
China - 1.5
Japan - 1.4
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North verses South Korea Populations
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South has twice as many people (48 million) as North (22 million)
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Populations reflects quality of life in Korea
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South has better quality of life and is more successful
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How many people live in East Asia?
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1.58 billion
2nd largest region with 1st largest country
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Chinese Urbanization
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Rapid-- the communist government, they believe industrialization is the way to progress
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Effects on the world of China's rapid Urbanization
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China has the largest pop in the world so it ripple effect on the economy and other countries are affected
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Subconurbanization
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Massive Urban area that results from coalescing of 2 or more formerly separate cities
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Where is Subconurbanization happening?
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This is happening in Japan where it is incredibly densely populated. Japan is crowded, modern, and clean
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China's energy source
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Coal -- emits greenhouse gases
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Why is China more focused on industrialization than environmental considerations?
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Communist government for a long time chose to ignore consequences of industrialization
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Why does China need to reevaluate their energy source?
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They are huge, unlike Haiti, and effecting the environment of the world
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Three Gorges Dam - Positives
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Largest hydroelectric project in the world
Controls flooding
Generates electricity
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Three Gorges Dam - Negatives
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Displacement of people
Landslides
Destruction of historic artifacts
sewage not washed away
Potential for disaster from earthquake
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Three Gorges Dam possible future disaster
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It is placed on a plate foundry where an earthquake might happen
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How many people did the dam displace?
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1.5 million
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Which river is the dam on?
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Yangtze River
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Japan's physical geography
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Mountainous island chain at plate boundary
Many earthquakes - Tsunami potential
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Two main rivers in China
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Yangtze River
Yellow River
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China's government from 1700-1920
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Dynastic Monarchy
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Was China ever colonized?
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No
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Two groups fighting in China's civil war
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Communists led by Chairman Mai Zedong
Nationalists led by Chaing Kai-shek
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Who was the common enemy of the two Chinese groups?
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Japanese
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Who was victorious in the civil war and what happened afterwards?
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The communists won and the nationalists fled to Taiwan
Communists call China the People's Republic of China
Taiwan is the Republic of China
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Truman Doctrine
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The US opposes communism
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Modern relationship between China and Taiwan
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China is still in denial that Taiwan is a separate government
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One Child Policy
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Biased toward boys - abort or abandon girls
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Japan's demographic problem
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Not many young people
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Natural disaster that hit Japan in 2011
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Tsunami
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Tokyo, Japan
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World class financial center
One of the largest cities in the world
Extremely high pop density
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Korea was occupied by who until after WWII?
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Japan
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Who did it transfer to after WWII?
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US and USSR
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What half adopted which ideology?
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North - communism
South - Democracy and Capitalism
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Korean war ending?
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Cease fire - demilitarized zone but never a peace treaty
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China Religion
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Taoism and Marxism
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Japan Religion
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Shinto
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Tibet Religion
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Buddhism
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Culture as a whole is very
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Secular
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Marxism
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atheist - communism
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Languages of the region
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Mandarin, Chinese, Japanese, Korean
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South Asia
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India - 1.2 billion (second largest)
Pakistan - 180.4 million
Bangladesh - 152.9 million
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SA Highest TFR
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Pakistan - 3.6 (overall this region has a high TFR, other countries around 2.5)
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South Asia described by contradiction
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Extreme poverty as well as booming high tech economy
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Top ten most populous countries in the world
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#2 India
#6 Pakistan
#8 Bangladesh
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Population Density
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High
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What is responsible for SA diaspora?
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People seeking better economic opportunities, not really forced migration
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Where is SA's preferred migration to?
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US, UK, and Canada
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How many people in South Asia?
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1.65 billion
1st largest region
2nd largest country
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Mumbai
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22 million
formerly known as Bombay
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What infrastructure did the British set up in India?
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Railroads - India has let it run down
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How much of Earth's water is in the ocean?
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97%
too expensive to desalinize
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How much is fresh?
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3%
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How much of fresh is frozen?
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70%
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How much of fresh is underground?
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30%
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How much is in rivers and lakes?
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Less than 1%
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What is the Subcontinent?
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Whole region itself is a separate plate
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What is the largest river in the world?
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Ganges River Delta
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The Delta's soil
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very fertile and is still undammed
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Orographic rainfall
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caused by uplifting cooling of moot air over the mountains
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South Asia plate boundary
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Crashing crustal plates
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South Asia mountains
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Himalayas
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South Asia Climate
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Monsoonal
Tropical and subtropical except for mountains
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Monsoon
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Rainy Season - Low pressure in summer attracts moist air from Indian ocean
Dry Season - High pressure over Himalayas in winter brings dry air south
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Impacts of South Asia's colonization
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English language
Passion for cricket
Build railroads and dams
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What happened in India after decolonization?
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British withdrew leaving India and Pakistan divided
Hindu and Muslim majorities
Result of Partition: brutality and sovereignty
Hundreds of thousands massacred
millions displaced
Pakistan Split
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Pakistan split
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Bangladesh (East)
Pakistan (West)
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Divisions of religion in India
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Make people hold on to their religion stronger
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When was Bangladesh formed?
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1971
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Who did Pakistan hide?
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Osama Bin Laden
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Terrorist attack from Pakistan
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Bombing of Mumbai
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Who started the green revolution?
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Norman Borlaug
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Taj Mahal
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Constructed in 1600s in Agra, India
Entombs 3rd wife of emperor
One of the 7 wonders of the world
Most visited site in Hindu India
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Taj Majal syncretism
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Blending of Hindu and Islam
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Caste System
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Pyramidal shaped society, 5 levels
determine job, spouse, diet
social pollution, even visual pollution (untouchables)
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5 levels
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1. Priests - strictly vegetarian
2. Warriors - rulers
3. Merchants - trading skilled laborers
4. Servants - unskilled laborers
5. Untouchables - fishermen
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Illiteracy
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High
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Unifying language
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English but Hindu is widely spoken
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Major religion of India
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Hundi
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Major religion of Pakistan and Bangladesh
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Islam
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Tenants of Hinduism
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Belief in reincarnation
Many vegetarians
Ritual bathing in Ganges River
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Sikhism
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Punjab (between India and Pakistan)
Blended religion
Warriors
Don't cut hair or beards
Want autonomy
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Religions by regions
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Islam - Pakistan and Bangladesh (400 million)
Sikhs - NW Indian state of Punjab
Buddhist - Sri-lanka and in the Himalayans
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South East Asia
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Indonesia - 241 million
Philippines- 96.2 million
Vietnam - 89 million
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SE Asia TFR
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Biggest range
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Two sub regions
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Mainland and Insular
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How many countries in SE Asia?
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11
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What groups are many of them in
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10 countries in ASEAN, this making their expanding the scale of their economy
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Formerly known as
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Indochina
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How many people in this SE Asia?
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over 600 million
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Singapore TFR
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Low, provide benefits for those having 3rd and 4th child
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Transmigration in
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Indonesia
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Primate cities
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Mamila, Philippines
Bangkok, Thailand
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Population concentrated in Indonesia
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Island of Java
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Singapore high pop density
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City state
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Island of Borneo pop density
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Low
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Country on both parts of SE Asia
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Malaysia
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SE Asia in relation to equator and hemispheres
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Above and below equator and both hemispheres
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Tropical storms of SE Asia
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Typhoons - Hurricanes
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Typhoons + Deforestation =
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Mudslides
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Plate Tectonics
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Located on a plate boundary therefore high tectonic activity like Tsunamis, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes
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Natural Hazards of Indonesia and Philippines
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Typhoons, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Mudslides
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Environmental issues of SE Asia
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Deforestation - logging, trying to protect forests through national parks
Air Pollution - urban smog and smoke, affecting tourism, fast growing cities with increasing number of cars and manufacturing
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Climate of SE Asia
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Humid Tropical, seasonal rainfall, near equator, same temp all year round
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Who colonized Indonesia?
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Netherlands (Dutch)
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What country was not colonized?
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Thailand
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Country that colonized Cambodia and Vietname
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France
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Vietnam war affected
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Loas, Cambodia, and Vietnam
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Superpowers backing up the Vietnam war
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USSR and US
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Colonized Malaysia
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British
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People are not allowed to chew gum
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Singapore
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Put foreigner in jail for criticizing the royal family
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Thailand
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Country with pirates in the strait of Moluccas
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Malaysia (also Indonesia)
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Took over Cambodia
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Pol Pot in charge of Khmer Rouge 1975-1979 wanted to go back to middle ages rural society
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Largest sex trade
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Thailand
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Where did Singapore gain independence from
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Malaysia
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Country with highest muslin pop
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Indonesia
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Religion of Philippines
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Christianity
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Religion of Mainland SE Asia
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Buddhism
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Australia and Oceania TFR
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High
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Pop of Australia and Oceania
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36 million
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Largest city
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Sydney, Australia 4 million
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Deepest place on earth
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Marian Trench
36000 ft deep
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New Zealand
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85% native plants found nowhere else
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Australia Physical Landscape
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Varied but desert interior
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Climate
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Varied
Tropical humid
desert
highland
equatorial and Southern Hemisphere
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Enviromental Issues
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Non-native species invasion - brown tree snake
Desertification in Aust.
Mining
Water supply
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Water
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Need rainwater
No lakes or rivers on small islands
No aquifers
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Australia population
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20 million
most along coast
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NZ population
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Most live on North island
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TFR High
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"Carrying Capacity" of small islands low
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Indigenous people
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Australia - Aborigine
New Zealand - Maori
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Different from Caribbean
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European influence is predominatelyBritish and French
Indigenous culture still vibrant and influential
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Colonized
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By Europeans in late 1800s
Decolonized after WWI and WWII
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Australia Exports
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World's largest export of iron and coal
logging and fishing
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Island Nation of Nauru
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One of wealthiest nations in the world in 1973
Sold all its phosphate deposits
Now country bankrupt
Most obese citizens in the world
On welfare from Aust and NZ
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New Zealand exported
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Butter and wool to Great Britain but can't now
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NZ
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Used to have high taxes, lots of social welfare, government ownership of large companies
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NZ 1980s
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Recession, then drastic reform
Privatization: change from government to private ownership
now one of the world's most market oriented countries
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GEOG 202: Flashcards