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CHEM 101: EXAM 1
Matter |
Anything that takes up space or surrounds us |
3 types of matter |
solid, liquid, gas |
What happens to matter when the temperature changes? |
It changes the spacing of particles and energy increases
|
Mass |
measure of amount of matter that an object has
|
Weight |
refers to force that gravity exerts on an object |
Law of conservation of matter |
no matter a chemical or physical change object will still have the same amount of matter
|
Atoms |
smallest particle which keeps property (identity of the matter) Ex: Au (gold), He (helium), H (hydrogen), and O (oxygen) |
Molecules |
2 or more atoms bonded together
Ex: H2, O2, and H2O |
Solid |
particles fixed arrangement, locked in place, is rigid and has a definite shape
|
Liquid |
particles in loose contact and they are in motion, and has no fixed arrangement
|
Gas |
particles are widely spread, their location can be anywhere. Takes both the shape and volume of its container. |
Pure Substances |
any form of matter that has a uniform composition and cannot be separated by physical means.
Ex: sodium chloride, compounds, and elements |
Element |
simplest form of a pure substance, only has 1 type of atom
Ex: Au (gold), H (hydrogen), and F2 (fluorine)
|
Compounds |
made up of atoms from 2 or more different elements
Ex: H2O, NaCl, H2SO4 |
Mixtures |
2 or more pure substances that are physically combined
Ex: salt water, air, soft drinks
|
Homogeneous Mixture |
substances are evenly distributed
|
Heterogeneous Mixture |
composition varies from one region to another
Ex: soil, garbage, Italian dressing |
Extensive Property |
depends on the amount of matter present
Ex: mass, volume |
Intensive Property |
it doesn't depend on the amount of matter
Ex: color, temperature, density |
Chemical change |
process by which matter undergoes a chemical reaction and forms a new substance
|
Chemical properties |
used to describe the possible chemical reactions a substance can undergo
Ex: flammability, explosiveness |
Physical Change |
occurs when matter is transformed in a way that does NOT alter its chemical identity
Ex: boiling water |
Physical Properties |
can be measured without altering the chemical identity of a substance
Ex: color, melting point, boiling point, texture, density |
Measurements |
size or magnitude (number) standard of comparison of measurement (unit) indication of uncertainty
|
size or magnitude (number) standard of comparison of measurement (unit) indication of uncertainty
|
length, mass, time, temperature, amount of substance
|
Length (SI) |
meter (m) |
Mass (SI) |
kilogram (kg) |
Time (SI) |
second (s) |
Temperature |
kelvin (K) |
Amount of Substance (SI) |
mole (mol) |
Pico |
(p) 10^-12 |
Nano |
(n) 10^-9
|
Micro |
(weird u) 10^-6 |
Milli |
(m) 10^-3
|
Centi |
(c) 10^-2
|
Deci |
(d) 10^-1 |
Kilo |
(k) 10^3 |
Mega |
(M) 10^6
|
Giga |
(G) 10^9 |
Volume |
amount of space occupied by an object
Derived unit: cubic meter (m^3) |
Density |
the ratio of mass to volume
Unit: kg/m^3
Formula: D=m/v |