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spirochete
Syphilis is caused by a ___
spirochete
corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells
angiosperms
Which of the plants came last on the evolutionary timeline?
excavata
members of this clade have a pellicle and eyespot
fungal enzymes
When a mycelium penetrates unexploited dead matter, what is most likely to appear short after?
sporophyte dominated life cycle
What is a major evolutionary trend in the timeline of plants?
gamma proteobacteria
Legionnaire's and Salmonella are caused by a ___ ___
pollen
in addition to seeds, what is unique to seed-producing plants?
C
A particular species of protist has obtained a chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis. You know this because the chloroplasts ___. A. are small B. have nuclear and cyanobacterial genes C. have three or four membranes D. have only a single pigment
lacks gametangia
Which evidence would best support the assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?
gametangia
A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of a plant
d
Organisms in the domains Archaea and Eukarya have all of the following in common except: A. both lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls B. both have more than one RNA polymerase C. both have introns found within the initial mRNA transcript D. both have at least one circular chromosom…
d (stem vascular tissue spread all around)
All of the following are characteristics of monocots except: A. parallel leaf venation B. a single cotyledon C. fibrous root system D. stem vascular tissue arranged in a ring E. all are true of monocots
no
are chloroplasts in gametophytes?
haustoria
specialized hyphae that allow fungi to penetrate the tissues of their host
plasmodesmata
An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells
gap junctions
Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions
septa
Dividing walls of a fungus cell
yes
did plants colonize land with fungi?
sporopollenin
a layer of durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
cyanobacteria green algae land plants
In what sequence were chloroplasts of land plants derived evolutionarily?
green algae
closest living relative to land plants
mycorrhizae
Ecological relationship between the mycelium of a fungus and the roots of certain plants
arbuscles
site of exchange between plants and fungus
cytoplasmic streaming
how do mycelia move?
carpel
The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
transduction
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
transformation
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
F Factor
A fertility factor in bacteria; a DNA segment that confers the ability to form pili for conjugation and associated functions required for the transfer of DNA from donor to recipient. It may exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.
stramenopiles
secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga probably led to the later evolution of ___
endospore
A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions.
small cell provided ATP
According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger cell to keep the smaller it engulfed alive, rather than digesting it?
chytridiomycota
Form spores with flagella, are killing frogs
heterospory
Which is an evolutionary advancement, heterospory or homospory?
no (they are the product of pollination)
can seeds be pollinated and fertilized?
more surface area
the adaptive advantage for filamentous mycelia in fungus is?
eukaryotic
all protists are?

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