BIOL 111: EXAM 1
48 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Evolution
|
is the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest to the diversity of organism living today .
|
|
order
|
highly order structure that characterized life
|
|
What is facilitated diffusion? Term
|
process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins. Definition
|
|
Energy Process
|
chemical energy stored in its food to power flight and other work
|
|
Growth & Development
|
Inherited information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth and development or organism such as this oak seedling.
|
|
Reproduction
|
Organism reproduce their own kind
|
|
Regulation
|
Help maintain constant temperature by exchange of heat surrounding the air.
|
|
Response to the environment
|
environmental stimulus
|
|
(What are the) seven characteristics of all living organisms? Term
|
composed of cells, complex and ordered, respond to their environment, grow develop and reproduce, obtain and use energy, maintain internal balance, allow for evolutionary adaption Definition
|
|
Cellular Level Term
|
the first level in the hierarchy of living systems. Consists of atoms, molecules, and organelles Definition
|
|
Organismal Level Term
|
the second level in the hierarchy of living systems Definition
|
|
Populational LevelTerm
|
group of organisms of the same species living in the same place Definition
|
|
Ecosystem Level Term
|
the highest tier of biological organization. A biological community and the physical habitat that it lives in Definition
|
|
(What are) emergent properties? Term
|
Properties that result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system Definition
|
|
(What is) comparative anatomyTerm
|
Comparing the anatomical similarities and differences between species. Reflects evolutionary change Definition
|
|
Homologous Term
|
same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function Definition
|
|
(What is) cell theory? Term
|
all organisms are composed of one or more cells b) the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms c) all cells some from pre-existing cells. Definition
|
|
What are the) three domains? Term
|
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Definition
|
|
What is) matter? Term
|
anything that has mass and takes up space Definition
|
|
What are) atoms (and what are they made of)? Term
|
The most basic unit of matter consisting of electrons protons and neutrons Definition
|
|
(What are) isotopes ? Term
|
atoms of one element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei Definition
|
|
(What is a) half-life? Term
|
The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a radioactive element to decay or break down. Definition
|
|
(Who is) Charles Darwin? Term
|
he is the father of evolution and wrote "On the Origin of Species" Definition
|
|
What are channel proteins? Term
|
hydrophyllic channels when open Definition
|
|
What is the major barrier to passive transport? Term
|
hydrophobic interior that repels polar molecules but not nonpolar molecules Definition
|
|
(What is the) difference between mass and weight?Term
|
mass is the amount of matter found in an object while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on the object. Definition
|
|
Analogous Term
|
structures of different origin but used for the same purpose Definition
|
|
What is) passive transport? Term
|
The movement of substances through a membrane in which no energy is required definition
|
|
What are integral membrane proteins? Term
|
proteins that span the lipid bilayer Definition
|
|
Population
|
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
|
|
Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess:
|
inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
|
|
Natural Selection.
|
Through time, the linage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by:
|
|
reductionism.
|
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
|
|
TeAbout 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up
approximately 96% of living matter?rm
|
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
|
|
Polar covalent bonds
|
What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
|
|
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
|
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.
|
|
In ammonium chloride salt (NH4Cl) the anion is a single chloride ion, Cl. What is the cation of NH4Cl?
|
NH4, with a charge of +1
|
|
Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?
|
The atom has more electrons than protons.
|
|
TerIn a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by:m
|
Polar covalent bonds.
|
|
dietary Calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. Which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie?rm
|
1,000 calories, or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C
|
|
Why does ice float in liquid water?
|
Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.ion
|
|
What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?
|
complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
|
|
one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence:
|
5'TGCAAT3'
|
|
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?
|
guanine and adenine
|
|
Methyl Group
|
Methyl Group A ____ _____ consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The carbon may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom; Methylated compounds; nonpolar. (--CH3)
|
|
Phosphate Group
|
in the ___ _____, a phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen is bonded to a carbon skeleton; two oxygens carry negative charges; Organic phosphates; polar. (--OPO3^2-)
|
|
Sulfhydryl Grouperm
|
Sulfhydryl Group A ______ ______ consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; it resembles of hydroxyl group in shape; Thiols; polar. (--SH)
|
|
Radioactive Isotope
|
isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
|
BIOL 111: EXAM 2