Exam 2 Flashcards
44 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following statements about prokaryotic Domains is INCORRECT?
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Only bacteria have HISTONES associated with their DNA.
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Which of these illustrates the CORRECT form of the scientific name for the fruit fly?
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Drosophilia melanogaster
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Through plants, fungi, and prokaryotes all have cell walls, they are placed into different taxons. Which of the following statements comes closest to explaining the reason for placing these organisms into different taxonomic groups, even without considering molecular sequence data?
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Their cell walls are composed of very different biochemicals.
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Which of the following characteris is UNIQUE to members of Kingdom Animalia?
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Collagen
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When he was a boy, Carl Linne seemed destined to have a career in _____.
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Shoemaking
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Associated with archaebacterial cells ONLY
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some species capable of growth in extremely hot, acidic environments
- cell membrane contains unusual lipids that span from one side f the membrane to the other
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associated with eukaryotic cells ONLY
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membrane enclosed organelles present
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associated with both eubacterial and archaebacterial cells, BUT NOT with eukaryotic cells
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- groups can be distinguished by a simple staining technique that reveals different cell wall construction
- genomic DNA is present as a covalent circle
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associated with NEITHER prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells
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typical sizes range from 0.8 nm to 10 nm
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Plantlike photosynthesis that releases oxygen occurs in
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Cyanobacteria
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The latest common ancestor of all animals was probably an
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flagellated protist
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Although not present in all bacteria, this cell component often enables cells that possess it to resist the phagocytic defenses of host organisms.
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CAPSULE
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Which of the following is a consequence of Linneaus' emphasis upon brevity of writing style in sytematics?
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the binomial system of naming species
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Which protist group is thought to be an ancestral to the kingdom Plantae?
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Green Algae
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One of Linnaeus' important contributions to the science of systematics was his
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movement of animals onto land
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Mosses differ from ferns because ferns have ____________
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vascular tissue
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Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned originally as ___________
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filter feeding devices
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In life cycles involving the X-Scheme pattern, haploid forms alternate with _____
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diploid forms
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The best classification system is that which most closely
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reflects the evolutionary history of the organisms studied
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Some very primitive eukaryotes do not have mitochondria. Initially, there was speculation that these species were descended from pre-mitochondrial, ancestral eukaryotes. But that speculation has since been rejected because....
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these species have mitochondrial-specific genes in their genomes
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Control of the disease malaria depends on disrupting the life cycle of the parasite at one or more points. Traditional treatment and prevention methods, like use of anti-malarial drugs in infected people, are expensive and becoming
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Breeding and release of strains of mosquitos that are resistant to infection by the malaria organism
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What is an unusual feature of the evolution of the diatom Stephanodiscus yellowstomensis from its ancestor species S. niagarae?
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How rapidly the process of change from one species to the other occurred
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The systematics ideal of tracing the lineage of all life forms on the planet back to some last universal common ancestor (LUCA) can be considered impossible to achieve, because
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horizontal gene flow and endosymbiosis have produced organisms with mixed lineages
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The biological species definition, proposed by Ernest Mayr in 1940,
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cannot be applied to all species of organisms
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Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following characteristics?
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concentration of sensory structures at the anterior end
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The Irish Potato Famine, caused by a parasitic water mold, led to the death by starvation of a million people and caused a complete disruption of Irish society in the mid-19th century. The effects of the infection and death of the potato crop might have been reduced if Irish farmers had
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used several different varieties of potato plants
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Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian Explosion was associated with the appearance of predator-prey relationships?
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increased incidence of hard parts in the fossil record
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A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: xylem and phloem, a sporophyte dominant life cycle with the gametophyte parasitic on the sporophyte, and seeds that include the embryo…
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gymnosperms
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Except for sponges, ctenophores, and cnidarians, what modern animals seem to be direct descendants of the common Vendian animal forms?
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none of the above
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The prokaryotic organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, lacks peptidoglycan, but still possesses a cell wall. It lives in a boiling water spring with a pH of 2.0 and is a chemoautotroph. What is likely to be TRUE of this species?
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it is an archaen
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The primitive animal Trichoplax clearly possesses which of the following characters important to the appearance of bilaterian animals?
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dorsal/ventral axis
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The malaria organism is recognized as a member of the phylum of sporozoans because it possesses
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an apical complex
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Symmetry is one of the most basic characteristics of animals. The group below that has a body symmetry different from the other four groups listed is the _____
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cnidarians
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One of the distinguishing characters of membrane of the phylum Chordata is
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a dorsal, hollow nervous system
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The importance of computers and software to modern cladistics is due to what previous sytstematics analytic approach?
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phenetic systematics
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What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales?
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they are modified leaves
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You have isolated an organism and want to identify which domain it belongs to. What feature would make you confident that the organism is an Archaean?
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a cell wall containing N-acetylosaminuironic acid
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The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early reptiles, which almost certainly had 3 chambered hearts (two atria and one ventricle). Birds and mammals are alike in that they possess 4 chambered hearts. 4 chambered hearts of birds and mammals are best explained as
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products of independent evolutionary events
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Which of the following characteristics is the most important feature of animals developing bilaterally symmetrically body plans?
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the homeobox gene cluster
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Parasitic: fly Rhagoletis pomonella has a split into two populations. One parasitic of hawthorne tree and the other on apple tree. If R. pomonella splits into two species, which of the following isolating mechanisms would probably be most important in preventing gene flow?
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temporal isolation
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The rate at which evolutionary divergence between the populations of Rhagoletis is occurring must be very fast because
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the apple tree was imported into eastern NA witht he european settlement
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The differences between the diatoms Stephahnodiscus yellowstonenisis and Stephanodiscus niagarae
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is well documented by differences in the silica shell decor of the two species
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X scheme life cycle of organisms is an expression of
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the sexual life cycle of organims
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The general X Scheme of life cycles applies to
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domain eukarya
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