ARCH 350: EXAM 1
40 Cards in this Set
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Apadana
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A columned audience hall in ancient Persian palaces.
• New Babylon
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Ashlar Masonry
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Smooth blocks of rendered stone. Regularly placed, smooth faced stones.
• Djoser's Tomb
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Bastion
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A round, rectangular, or polygonal defensive projection of fortress wall.
• Djoser's Tomb
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Bay
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A regularly repeated spatial unit of a building or wall, defined by vaults, windows, orders, or other prominent vertical features.
• Hatshepsut's - mortuary temple, Deir el Bahari, Egypt
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Casemate
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A room in a fortress wall with openings for the firing of weapons
• Temple/Palace, Knossos, Crete, Greece
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Causeway
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A raised road or path
• Mortuary Complex of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt
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Citadel
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An elevated fort or stronghold
• Solomon's Temple, Jerusalem, Israel
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Clerestory
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The elevated range of windows in a wall that rises above adjacent roofs.
• Djoser's Tomb
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Cob (banco)
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Lumps of earth mixed with sand and straw, a sensory and aesthetic experience similar to sculpting with clay.
• Musgum mud huts, Cameroon, Africa
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Colonnade
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A row of columns supporting a beam or entablature
• Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley, Pakistan
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Corbelling
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Parralel masonry layers that extend in cantilever each beyond the one below, usually to make an arch or a vault.
• Done in the tombs of Newgrange, Ireland
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Cyclopean Masonry
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Walls made with large, irregularly shaped stones.
• Jericho, Palestine
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Dolmen
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A prehistoric tomb made of two upright megaliths, capped with a horizontal stone, and buried under an earth mound.
• Newgrange, Ireland
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Dougong
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Used in Chinese Architecture, a cantilevered bracket or cluster of brackets used to support a roof.
• Typical Courtyard House, Beijing, China
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Dromos
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A long, high-walled entrance to a Mycenaean tomb
• Tholos Tomb (treasury of Atreus), Mycenae, Greece
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Half-timbering
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A construction system in which a wooden frame is left exposed and filled in with brick or plaster.
• Portonaccio/Etruscan Temple, Veii, Italy
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Hypostyle Hall
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A room with a roof supported by many columns, usually in rows.
• Khufu Pyramid, Pyramid Complex, Giza, Egypt
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Loggia
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A roofed porch or gallery with an open arcade or colonnade
• Temple/Palace, Knossos, Crete, Greece
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Mastaba
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Egyptian flat-topped, rectangular tombs with slopping sides. An Arabic word for table
• Mortuary Complex of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt
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Megalith
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A huge, irregular stone.
• Used in Newgrange, Ireland tombs to line/support dolmens
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Menhir
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A prehistoric monument in the form of a large, upright stone.
• Newgrange, Ireland
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Mortise and Tennon
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A wood-joining method in which a projecting tongue of one member is fitted into a slot of corresponding shape in another member
• comparable to Stonehenge, England
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Mortar (bitumen)
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A binding substance, such as cement or lime, used to hold rows of masonry together.
• Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley, Pakistan
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Obelisk
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A tall, square shaft, usually of one piece of stone, tapering upward and ending in a pyramid tip
• Temple of Amon-Ra, Karnak, Egypt
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Parapet
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A low guarding wall at the top of a building
• Solomon's Temple, Jerusalem, Israel
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Passage Tomb
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Prehistoric mounded tomb with an entry corridor made from megaliths
• Newgrange, Ireland
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Pier
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A solid masonry support often rectangular in plan
• Djoser's Tomb
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Pise
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Rammed earth or clay used as a building material
• Qin Great Wall, China
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Post and Beam (lintel)
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A construction system using vertical supports spanned by horizontal beams
• Stonehenge, England
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Pylon Gate
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A monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple. It consists of two tapering towers, each surmounted by a cornice, joined by a less elevated section which enclosed the entrance between them.
• Temple of Amon-Ra, Karnak, Egypt
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Pyramid
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A massive memorial or temple rising from a square/rectangular base to an elevated altar or a point, with either steps or a smooth incline
• Djoser's Tomb
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Serdab
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in ancient Egyptian tombs, the closed chamber for the statue of the defunct.
• Djoser's Tomb
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Siheyuan
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A Chinese dwelling with several individual pavilions set around an open support.
• Typical Courtyard House, Beijing, China
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Temenos
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A sacred enclosure built to separate to the ancient temple from the rest of the city.
• Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Mesopotamia
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Tholos
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A round corbel/vaulted Mycenaean tomb. Any round ancient Greek building.
• Tomb of the Hut, Necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy
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Trilithon
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Two upright monoliths, supporting a lintel stone, similar to a dolmen
• Stonehenge, England
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Tufa
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A porous, grey, volcanic building stone
• Tomb of the Hut, Necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy
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Tumulus
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An earth or stone mound over a grave
• Tomb of the Hut, Necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy
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Wattle and Daub
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A construction system using woven branches and twigs plastered over with mud as filling between the large members of a wooden frame.
• Banpo, China (huts)
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Ziggurat
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A Mesopotamian temple/tower in the form of a staged pyramid
• Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu, Ur, Mesopotamia
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Study Guide: ARCH 350