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chapters 22, 23, 24 - Flashcards
catastophism |
Cuvier
boundaries in fossil record are marked by catastrophies
|
evolutionists in order |
LAMARCK
HUTTON
LYELL
MALTHUS
DARWIN
WALLACE |
what was the prevailing notion prior to the time of lyell and Darwin |
Earth is a few thousand years old, and population are unchanging |
which group is composed of individuals who maintained that species are fixed (unchanging) |
Aristotle
Linnaeus
Cuvier
Plato
are all non - evolutionists |
From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age? |
Charles Lyell |
natural selection characteristics |
*best adapted individuals tend to leave most offspring
*genetic variation exists w/in population
*populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support
*individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young |
to observe natural selection's effects on a population, which of these must true |
one must observe more than one generation of the population and population must contain genetic variation |
Thomas Malthus |
Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows
struggle for survival ; limited resources, overpopulation |
what is a statement that Darwin would have rejected? |
smallest entity that can evolve is an individual organism |
which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Darwin during his lifetime? |
change in gene frequency in gene pools |
which of these is the smallest unit that natural selection can change? |
population's gene frequency |
cline |
change in phenotype over a geographical axis |
over time movement of people has altered the course of human evolution by increasing |
gene flow |
what is true of 2 very closely related species that have diverged from e/o quite recently |
they shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time |
what was the species concept most used by Linnaeus |
morphological
father of taxonomy |
biological species concept is inadequate for grouping |
asexual organisms |
difference b/w geographic isolation and habitat differentiation is |
relative locations of 2 populations as speciation occurs |
origin of new plant species by hybridization, coupled w/accidents during nuclear division |
sympatic speciation |
decent with modification |
unity (common origin of species)
diversity
adaptation |
Aristotle |
Scala Natural: ladder of nature
organisms are unchanging
Old Testament-Genesis-"Creation" |
Cuvier |
*father of paleontology
*catastraphism |
Hardy Weinberg Equlibrium |
*population in HWE = not evolving
*large population size
*no immigration or emigration
*no genetic mutations
*random mating
*no natural selection
*population that does not meet all requirements=undergoing EVOLUTION |
genetic drift |
*change in allelic frequencies due to chance
*magnified in small populations
*leads to loss of genetic variation
*bottleneck effect
*founder effect |
taxa model |
1. domain
2. kingdom
3. phylum
4. class
5. order
6. family
7. genus
8. species |
plesiomorphy |
shared homo characteristics with ancestors |
apomorphy |
unique characteristic that differs from ancestors |
autopomorphy |
derived characteristic that is uniqe to a taxon |
synapomorphy |
derived characteristic shared among a set of taxa |
3 Domains of life |
1. Archae
2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia |
adaptive radiation |
emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor
usually follows emergence of new territories |