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chapters 22, 23, 24 - Flashcards

catastophism
Cuvier boundaries in fossil record are marked by catastrophies
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evolutionists in order
LAMARCK HUTTON LYELL MALTHUS DARWIN WALLACE
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what was the prevailing notion prior to the time of lyell and Darwin
Earth is a few thousand years old, and population are unchanging
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which group is composed of individuals who maintained that species are fixed (unchanging)
Aristotle Linnaeus Cuvier Plato are all non - evolutionists
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From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age?
Charles Lyell
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natural selection characteristics
*best adapted individuals tend to leave most offspring *genetic variation exists w/in population *populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support *individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young
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to observe natural selection's effects on a population, which of these must true
one must observe more than one generation of the population and population must contain genetic variation
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Thomas Malthus
Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows struggle for survival ; limited resources, overpopulation
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what is a statement that Darwin would have rejected?
smallest entity that can evolve is an individual organism
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which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Darwin during his lifetime?
change in gene frequency in gene pools
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which of these is the smallest unit that natural selection can change?
population's gene frequency
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cline
change in phenotype over a geographical axis
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over time movement of people has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
gene flow
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what is true of 2 very closely related species that have diverged from e/o quite recently
they shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time
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what was the species concept most used by Linnaeus
morphological father of taxonomy
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biological species concept is inadequate for grouping
asexual organisms
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difference b/w geographic isolation and habitat differentiation is
relative locations of 2 populations as speciation occurs
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origin of new plant species by hybridization, coupled w/accidents during nuclear division
sympatic speciation
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decent with modification
unity (common origin of species) diversity adaptation
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Aristotle
Scala Natural: ladder of nature organisms are unchanging Old Testament-Genesis-"Creation"
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Cuvier
*father of paleontology *catastraphism
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Hardy Weinberg Equlibrium
*population in HWE = not evolving *large population size *no immigration or emigration *no genetic mutations *random mating *no natural selection *population that does not meet all requirements=undergoing EVOLUTION
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genetic drift
*change in allelic frequencies due to chance *magnified in small populations *leads to loss of genetic variation *bottleneck effect *founder effect
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taxa model
1. domain 2. kingdom 3. phylum 4. class 5. order 6. family 7. genus 8. species
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plesiomorphy
shared homo characteristics with ancestors
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apomorphy
unique characteristic that differs from ancestors
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autopomorphy
derived characteristic that is uniqe to a taxon
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synapomorphy
derived characteristic shared among a set of taxa
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3 Domains of life
1. Archae 2. Bacteria 3. Eukarya Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
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adaptive radiation
emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor usually follows emergence of new territories
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