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Exam 2 Flashcards
International Style Exhibition, MoMA, 1932 |
Phillip Johnson & Henry R. Hitchcock
to formalize contemporary style into simple terms for American audience |
International Style |
smooth
white-stucco surface
absence of applied decoration
clarity of structure & function
open/free plans |
Case Study House Program |
accessible, promoted functionality
prototypes - quick, easy assembly
36 mostly in Cali
usually single story, flat, open, int/ext integrated
bring housing to middle class |
Kit-of-Parts |
prefab
can be taken apart |
"Kitchen Debate" |
Nixon//Khrushchev
debate over whose citizens had better quality of life |
American Home-Maker Magazines |
advertisements directed towards women b/c they buy the products |
"Good Design" Exhibition at MoMa |
(1950) featured many of Eames' designs |
Catenary Arch |
curve formed by a chain hanging freely from 2 fixed position
Example: the St. Louis Arch |
Cycloid Arch |
curve traced by a point on the rim of a circular wheel as the wheel rolls along a straight line
Example: Kimbell Art Museum |
Diagram of Meis' Structural Grid |
... |
Tartan Grid |
structure grid is pulled apart to accommodate servant spaces |
Served & Servant Spaces |
Servant
utilities area, stairway, kitchen
separated from served areas
Served
bedroom, living/dining area |
Poche |
French for pocket
represents solid parts in plan |
CIAM |
founded by Corb & Giedion (1928-59)
Internat'l Congresses of Modern Arch
other founders Gerrit Rietveld, El Lissitzky, Moisei Ginzburg, Walter Gropis, Hannes Meyer |
CIAM'S Athens Charter |
the Functional City
Athens was analyzed in living/work/leisure/transportation
post-war CIAM added "administrative & civic center" |
CIAM's Pre-war/Post-war Themes |
Pre-War:
min. dwelling
rational land development
functional city
dwelling/recovery
Post-War
reconstruction of cities, art, arch, the heart of the city
habitat: housing for the greater # |
New Monumentality |
Sigfried Giedion & Jose Luis Sert
"people want buildings that represent their social & community life to give more than function fulfillment. They want their aspiration for monumentality, joy, pride, and excitement to be satisfied." |
New Regionalism |
Sigfried Giedion
Internat'l Style is inadequate
another attempt by CIAM to identify contemporary direction in modern arch after WWII |
Brise-Soleil |
French for "sun-breaker"
Le Corbusier
a variety of permanent sun-shading techniques |
Superquadra |
series of blocks, normally filled w/3-6 story flats located near ea. other w/spaces in b/t
sometimes filed w/schools & churches
commercial streets tend to separate buildings |