42 Cards in this Set
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mode of subsistence
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way by which a culture obtains its food( industry, agriculture, foraging)
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Use rights
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persons right of a piece of land an the things it offers; system of property relations where group recognizes priority access to a piece of land
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Agrarian State
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society based on producing and maintain crops
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Industrial State
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society driven by the use of technology to enable mass production, supporting a large population with high capacity for division of labor
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Redistribution
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form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern
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Reciprocity
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exchange of resources, goods and services among people relatively equal status; meant to create social ties
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Segmentary societies
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composed of independent+ local groups; little specialization among groups or of individuals
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Organic societies
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such as our own composed of interdependent local groups; extensive role + occupational specialization, both group and individual
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Melanesia
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subgroup of Oceania; papa new guinea known for its big men societies
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Polynesia
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subgroup of Oceania; Hawaii known for chiefdoms
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Theocratic authority
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chiefs authority has a divine or scared basis
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Tabua
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act of giving the tooth of a sperm whale as a gift when given in a ceremony it shows high respect
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Kula
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ceremony of gift giving allowing two societies to bond; reciprocity practiced by papa new guinea
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Polygyny/ polyandry
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marriage between one man and two or more women/ one woman and two men
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Potlatch
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Elaborate redistribution ceremony practiced among the kwakital of the Pacific Northwest; purpose was to validate the new rank publically; guests were witnesses
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Status
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your position or rank within in society
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Role
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specialized tasks asigned to your status level
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Globalization
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worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods and ideas within and across national borders
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Tribute
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tributes are gifts typically given to chiefs
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Taxation
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citizens pay taxes to an impersonal government
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Pastoralism
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raising live stock/ strategy for food production using domestication of animals
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Socialization
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children learn their culture from those around them in a process called socialization
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Stratification
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uneven distribution of resources+ privileges among participants in a group or culture
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Cultural constructionism
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the ways humans learn to behave as a man or woman and recognize behaviors as masculine or feminine within their cultural context
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Sex
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observable physical differences between male or female especially biological expressions related to human reproduction
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Gender
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the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to people of different of different sexes
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Enthnicity
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sense of historical, cultural and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group
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Race
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flawed system of classification w/ no biological pasts that uses certain physical characteristics to divide the human population into supposedly discrete groups.
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Caste
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closed system of stratification in a society
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Palace temple market complex
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center of leadership and trade
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Monopoly of force
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standing force full time military
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Horiculture
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cultivation of plants for substience through non-intensive use of land+ labor
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Agriculture
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mass production of crops
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Transnational
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practice of maintain active participation in social, economic, religious and political spheres across national borders
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Nationalism
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desire of an ethnic community to create and/ or maintain a nation-state
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Initiation rites
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different tests you must pass until you are let into a group
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Divination
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obtaining factual knowledge by magical means which have no apparent empirical connection to the information sought
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Cosmology
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ideas about the universe as an ordered system and the place of humans in the universe
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Religon
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set of beliefs based on a unique vision of how the world ought to be often revealed through insights into supernatural power and lived out in community
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Ritual
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act or senses of acts repealed over years of generations that embody the beliefs of a group of people+ create community
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Pentecostalism
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sub genera of Christianity; involves a spiritual connection to the holy spirit connection to the holy spirit encourages you to speak to lord in different tongues
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Shaman
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part-time religious practioner with special abilities to connect individuals with super natural powers or beings
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ANTH 1000: FINAL