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ARCH 212: QUIZ 2
Physiological |
-Sensory
-Decline of central nervous system and cognitive fucntions
-Decline of muscular and skeletal system
-reduced ability to adapt to temperature changes
-disease: Arthritis, rheumatism, heart disease and high blood pressure.
|
Social and Functional Changes
|
-family structure and work role
-income
-mobility and sphere of activity
-reduces sense of security and control
-diminished self-confidence
-reduced social networks
|
Design solutions for Vision and Hearing
|
-Light:Quality and Quantity
-Bright colors: orange, yellow and red easier than cool colors
-glare:avoid unnecessary contrast of light and dark shadows
-distort depth perception
-low-pitch
-background noises make difficult to follow conversations
|
Design solutions for central nervous system and cognitive functions
|
-ease of orientation and wayfinding
-safety considerations
-identifiable/ personalized space
-more identifiable image
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Design solutions for muscular and skeletal systems
|
-easier to fall
-ground surface materials
-avoid unnecessary change in elevations: ex. stairs
-easy to use fixtures; like handles, railings, comfortable seats, bench in shower
|
Design solutions for temperature changes and disease
|
amenities for temperature moderation/ control
-5 types sandwich spaces: skylighted 3 season porch, screened porch, covered porch, trellis, open bbq plaza
-options for those with various levels of reserve/ energy
-easy access to near by restrooms
-easy handles to grab for people with arthritis: ex. lever handles vs. knob handles
|
design solutions for social and functional changes
|
-provide opportunities for social interactions
-provide easy access to activities and services
-provide options for various levels for reserve/energy
-easy access to common spaces and in/ out buildings
-easy access neighborhood services
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Design recomondations for housing the elderly
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-visual surveillance for real/ perceived safety and security
-flat door threshold
-wheelchair slope: ADA= 1/12
-entrance is minimum of 5' x 5'
-avoid level changes: ex. stairs
-Carpet: non skid carpet or with the edges taped down
-bathroom: 5' radius to turn around
- showers with no walls or doors or a large swing greater than 90 degrees
-the width of knee space needs to be greater than 3'
-chairs with wheels on them
-couches with minimal to no armrest
|
design for Dementia patience
|
-walks with no dead ends
-exit control: ex. painted door to look like book case
|
CCRC
|
Continuing Care Retirement Community
|
What's considered CCRC?
|
-Retirment community/ independent living
-Adult day care facility
-Assisted living facility
-Nursing Home
|
How are children different from adults?
|
-limited physical/ cognitive/ social development
-growing (different developmental stages)
-less mobile
-more vulnerable to environmental threats
-like to play
-need environment with different scale
-safety is especially important
-often ignored in design
|
Piaget's theory about children's developmental stages:
|
-sensori-motor
Birth---2 yrs.
-Pre-operational
2yrs---7 yrs
-Concrete operational
7yrs---11 yrs
-Formal operational
11 yrs--- +...
|
Playground vs. Children's development
|
-Physical--running, jumping, climbing, lifting
-Social-- team building, non competitive social interact, social roles, expression/ communication, friendship development
-Cognitive-- problem solving, imagination, exploration, self-discovery and motor skills
|
Rationale for Miss Harris's Classroom Design
|
-supply furniture and play items to easily move and rearrange
-avoid placing undue limitations on how children use the space: ex. inappropriately scaled fixtures
-facilitate exploration by circulation and sight lines
-offer sensory rich environment: ex. colors, lighting, textures, shape of space
-include privacy space for children
|
Play vs. safety from cars
|
-close through streets
-parking in peripheral areas
-internal squares (expanded "home territory")
-safety in neighborhood
-play areas
|
Why is the street/sidewalk play popular?
|
-can ride bikes
-play hopscotch
-jump rope
-street hockey
-social interaction (shared because open public space)
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Concept of Woonerf
|
a street or group of streets in a town or city where pedestrians and cyclist have legal priority or motorist
|
Developmental implications of homes
|
-play areas in the main living areas
-activity pockets: can be created in lighting, seating, and storage of materials accessible to children
-Kitchen as a family room
-accessibility
-privacy
-active play
-outdoor opportunities
|
Housing vs. Crowding examples
|
-mirrored imaged layouts
-thin walls let sounds through
-Synchronized living schedules
-students that have to share more of their space feel more crowded (2 person dorm room/ community bathroom)
-not enough privacy when needed
|
Design guidelines for a medium-density, low-rise housing.
|
-spacing of units
-visual and fucntional access to open space from the dwelling
-protection of privacy
-division into small identifiable clusters
-variety in facade design
-access to buildings
-minimize noise intrusion
-well sighter community facilities
-parking
-adequate private open space
|
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
(CPTED) prinicples
|
Surveillance
Access Control
Territorial Reinforcements
Maintenance
|
Story of Pruitt-Igoe: Crimes in different types of housing
|
-interior of a single apartment
vs.
-landing shared by 2 families
vs.
-corridors shared by 20 families
vs.
-lobbies, elevators, and stairs shared by 150 families
|
Effects of housing form and building types
|
-Single-family houses
-Walk ups
-Highrises
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Single-family Houses
|
-all interior spaces are within the private domain of the family
-all grounds around the private unit are for the private use of the family
-there is a direct abutment between private grounds and the sidewalk
-the domain of the house encompasses the street
|
Walkups
|
-Private space is within the apartment unit only
-the interior lobby, stairs and corridor are semi-private
-grounds can be designated for one family but are usually shared by all the families
-only a small number of families (3 to 6) share the interior circulation areas and grounds
-the street is within the sphere of influence
|
Highrise
|
-Private space exist only within the apartment units
-the interior circulation areas and the grounds are public
-there is no association between buildings and street
|
What social and physical factors increase crime and decrease stability in Neuman et al.'s study on moderate-income housing and public housing projects?
|
Social Factors
-% of families on AFDC
-Ratio of teenagers to adults
Physical Factors
-Project size
-# of families sharing common entries into buildings
|
Case study of Forbidden City, Beijing, China
|
Basic system of Traditional Chinese Architecture
-Basic elements and units
-axis and orientation for spatial organization
-hierarchy in Architecture
Basic Model for City Planning in Ancient China
|
Spatial Relationships
|
-space within a space
-interlocking spaces
-adjacent spaces
-spaces linked by a common space
|
Spatial organizations
|
-centralized organization
-linear organization
-radial organization
-clustered organization
-grid organization
|
Circulation Elements
|
Approach
-Entrance
-Configuration of the path
-Path-space relationships
-Form of the circulation space
|
Approach
|
-Frontal
-Oblique
-Spiral
|
Ordering Principles
|
-Axis
-Rhythm
-Symmetry
-Datum
-Hierarchy
-Tranformation
|
Impact of Light
|
-low light = intimacy and reduced conversation
-adequate light vs. performance
-Sufficient/ appropriate lighting level and sense of control
-full spectrum lighting: increases performance, mood or health
|
Impact of Material and Color
|
Material
Color
-temperature
-individual color preferences
-mood and performance
-spaciouness
|
Impact of Window and Nature
|
-People like windows
-ventilation
-source of weather
-ability to see people
-a way to regulate temperature
-source of sunlight
-visual connection with the outside world
-Nature: Stress reduction and attention restoration
|
Impact of Furnishing
|
-furniture arrangement
-sociopetal vs. sociofugal
-quality of furnishings vs. mood and behavior
-potted plants vs. mood and behavior
Health Care Setting
-Comfort
-Safety
-Child Friendly
|
Sociopetal
vs.
Sociofugal
|
Sociopetal- facing each other, ex. circular form
Sociofugal- facing one direction, ex. classroom settings
|
W.H.O
Concept of Health
|
World Health Organization
-Absence of disease or infirmity
to
-A status of complete physical, mental and social well-being
|
Art in healthcare settings vs. emotional congruence theory
|
-Persons' emotions bias perceptions in ways that match their feelings.
-Prediction:patients' stressed feelings dispose them to interpret abstract features or views in emotionally matching stressful ways
|