ARCH 212: QUIZ 2
41 Cards in this Set
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Physiological
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-Sensory
-Decline of central nervous system and cognitive fucntions
-Decline of muscular and skeletal system
-reduced ability to adapt to temperature changes
-disease: Arthritis, rheumatism, heart disease and high blood pressure.
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Social and Functional Changes
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-family structure and work role
-income
-mobility and sphere of activity
-reduces sense of security and control
-diminished self-confidence
-reduced social networks
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Design solutions for Vision and Hearing
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-Light:Quality and Quantity
-Bright colors: orange, yellow and red easier than cool colors
-glare:avoid unnecessary contrast of light and dark shadows
-distort depth perception
-low-pitch
-background noises make difficult to follow conversations
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Design solutions for central nervous system and cognitive functions
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-ease of orientation and wayfinding
-safety considerations
-identifiable/ personalized space
-more identifiable image
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Design solutions for muscular and skeletal systems
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-easier to fall
-ground surface materials
-avoid unnecessary change in elevations: ex. stairs
-easy to use fixtures; like handles, railings, comfortable seats, bench in shower
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Design solutions for temperature changes and disease
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amenities for temperature moderation/ control
-5 types sandwich spaces: skylighted 3 season porch, screened porch, covered porch, trellis, open bbq plaza
-options for those with various levels of reserve/ energy
-easy access to near by restrooms
-easy handles to grab for people with a…
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design solutions for social and functional changes
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-provide opportunities for social interactions
-provide easy access to activities and services
-provide options for various levels for reserve/energy
-easy access to common spaces and in/ out buildings
-easy access neighborhood services
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Design recomondations for housing the elderly
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-visual surveillance for real/ perceived safety and security
-flat door threshold
-wheelchair slope: ADA= 1/12
-entrance is minimum of 5' x 5'
-avoid level changes: ex. stairs
-Carpet: non skid carpet or with the edges taped down
-bathroom: 5' radius to turn around
- showers with n…
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design for Dementia patience
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-walks with no dead ends
-exit control: ex. painted door to look like book case
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CCRC
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Continuing Care Retirement Community
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What's considered CCRC?
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-Retirment community/ independent living
-Adult day care facility
-Assisted living facility
-Nursing Home
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How are children different from adults?
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-limited physical/ cognitive/ social development
-growing (different developmental stages)
-less mobile
-more vulnerable to environmental threats
-like to play
-need environment with different scale
-safety is especially important
-often ignored in design
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Piaget's theory about children's developmental stages:
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-sensori-motor
Birth---2 yrs.
-Pre-operational
2yrs---7 yrs
-Concrete operational
7yrs---11 yrs
-Formal operational
11 yrs--- +...
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Playground vs. Children's development
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-Physical--running, jumping, climbing, lifting
-Social-- team building, non competitive social interact, social roles, expression/ communication, friendship development
-Cognitive-- problem solving, imagination, exploration, self-discovery and motor skills
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Rationale for Miss Harris's Classroom Design
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-supply furniture and play items to easily move and rearrange
-avoid placing undue limitations on how children use the space: ex. inappropriately scaled fixtures
-facilitate exploration by circulation and sight lines
-offer sensory rich environment: ex. colors, lighting, textures, shap…
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Play vs. safety from cars
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-close through streets
-parking in peripheral areas
-internal squares (expanded "home territory")
-safety in neighborhood
-play areas
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Why is the street/sidewalk play popular?
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-can ride bikes
-play hopscotch
-jump rope
-street hockey
-social interaction (shared because open public space)
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Concept of Woonerf
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a street or group of streets in a town or city where pedestrians and cyclist have legal priority or motorist
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Developmental implications of homes
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-play areas in the main living areas
-activity pockets: can be created in lighting, seating, and storage of materials accessible to children
-Kitchen as a family room
-accessibility
-privacy
-active play
-outdoor opportunities
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Housing vs. Crowding examples
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-mirrored imaged layouts
-thin walls let sounds through
-Synchronized living schedules
-students that have to share more of their space feel more crowded (2 person dorm room/ community bathroom)
-not enough privacy when needed
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Design guidelines for a medium-density, low-rise housing.
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-spacing of units
-visual and fucntional access to open space from the dwelling
-protection of privacy
-division into small identifiable clusters
-variety in facade design
-access to buildings
-minimize noise intrusion
-well sighter community facilities
-parking
-adequate private…
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Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
(CPTED) prinicples
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Surveillance
Access Control
Territorial Reinforcements
Maintenance
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Story of Pruitt-Igoe: Crimes in different types of housing
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-interior of a single apartment
vs.
-landing shared by 2 families
vs.
-corridors shared by 20 families
vs.
-lobbies, elevators, and stairs shared by 150 families
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Effects of housing form and building types
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-Single-family houses
-Walk ups
-Highrises
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Single-family Houses
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-all interior spaces are within the private domain of the family
-all grounds around the private unit are for the private use of the family
-there is a direct abutment between private grounds and the sidewalk
-the domain of the house encompasses the street
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Walkups
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-Private space is within the apartment unit only
-the interior lobby, stairs and corridor are semi-private
-grounds can be designated for one family but are usually shared by all the families
-only a small number of families (3 to 6) share the interior circulation areas and grounds
-t…
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Highrise
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-Private space exist only within the apartment units
-the interior circulation areas and the grounds are public
-there is no association between buildings and street
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What social and physical factors increase crime and decrease stability in Neuman et al.'s study on moderate-income housing and public housing projects?
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Social Factors
-% of families on AFDC
-Ratio of teenagers to adults
Physical Factors
-Project size
-# of families sharing common entries into buildings
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Case study of Forbidden City, Beijing, China
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Basic system of Traditional Chinese Architecture
-Basic elements and units
-axis and orientation for spatial organization
-hierarchy in Architecture
Basic Model for City Planning in Ancient China
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Spatial Relationships
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-space within a space
-interlocking spaces
-adjacent spaces
-spaces linked by a common space
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Spatial organizations
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-centralized organization
-linear organization
-radial organization
-clustered organization
-grid organization
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Circulation Elements
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Approach
-Entrance
-Configuration of the path
-Path-space relationships
-Form of the circulation space
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Approach
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-Frontal
-Oblique
-Spiral
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Ordering Principles
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-Axis
-Rhythm
-Symmetry
-Datum
-Hierarchy
-Tranformation
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Impact of Light
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-low light = intimacy and reduced conversation
-adequate light vs. performance
-Sufficient/ appropriate lighting level and sense of control
-full spectrum lighting: increases performance, mood or health
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Impact of Material and Color
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Material
Color
-temperature
-individual color preferences
-mood and performance
-spaciouness
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Impact of Window and Nature
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-People like windows
-ventilation
-source of weather
-ability to see people
-a way to regulate temperature
-source of sunlight
-visual connection with the outside world
-Nature: Stress reduction and attention restoration
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Impact of Furnishing
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-furniture arrangement
-sociopetal vs. sociofugal
-quality of furnishings vs. mood and behavior
-potted plants vs. mood and behavior
Health Care Setting
-Comfort
-Safety
-Child Friendly
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Sociopetal
vs.
Sociofugal
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Sociopetal- facing each other, ex. circular form
Sociofugal- facing one direction, ex. classroom settings
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W.H.O
Concept of Health
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World Health Organization
-Absence of disease or infirmity
to
-A status of complete physical, mental and social well-being
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Art in healthcare settings vs. emotional congruence theory
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-Persons' emotions bias perceptions in ways that match their feelings.
-Prediction:patients' stressed feelings dispose them to interpret abstract features or views in emotionally matching stressful ways
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ARCH 212: MID-TERM